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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Experimental and Numerical Study of Bright Matter- Wave Soliton Collisions

Hong‐Gang Luo, Jason Nguyen, Paul Dyke, Randall G. Hulet

Published Jun 4, 2014• 0 citations
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A recent experiment has detected collision-induced frequency shifts in bright matter-wave solitons [J. H. V. Nguyen et al., Nat. Phys. 10, 918 (2014)]. Using a particle model, we derive the frequency shift for two solitons in a harmonic trap, and compare it to the recent experimental results and reported theoretical approximation. We find regimes where the frequency shift is much smaller than previously predicted, and propose experiments to test these findings. We also predict that reducing the experimental trap frequency will reveal soliton molecules or soliton bound states in a cold-atom system. The bound-state dynamics are found to be both highly phase dependent and sensitive to the residual 3D nature of the experiment.
In recent years, bright soliton-like structures composed of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates have been generated at ultracold temperature. The experimental capacity to precisely engineer the nonlinearity and potential landscape experienced by these solitary waves offers an attractive platform for fundamental study of solitonic structures. The presence of three spatial dimensions and trapping implies that these are strictly distinct objects to the true soliton solutions. Working within the zero-temperature mean-field description, we explore the solutions and stability of bright solitary waves, as well as their interactions. Emphasis is placed on elucidating their similarities and differences to the true bright soliton. The rich behaviour introduced in the bright solitary waves includes the collapse instability and symmetry-breaking collisions. We review the experimental formation and observation of bright solitary matter waves to date, and compare to theoretical predictions. Finally we discuss the current state-of-the-art of this area, including beyond-mean-field descriptions, exotic bright solitary waves, and proposals to exploit bright solitary waves in interferometry and as surface probes.