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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Using active gain medium to maximize light absorption

Jie Wang, Wenzhe Liu, Dezhuan Han, Xiaohan Liu, Lei Shi, Jian Zi

Published Mar 16, 2017• 0 citations
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Slow-light enhancement of gain

Jesper Mørk

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Interaction of light with generic active media

Malin Premaratne, Govind Prasad Agrawal

The study of optical effects in active media is rich with unexpected consequences. For instance, one may imagine that absorption and amplification in a dielectric medium will exhibit some sort of symmetry because both are related to the same imaginary part of the dielectric constant, except for a sign change. It turns out that such a symmetry does not exist [1]. This issue has also been investigated in detail for random or disordered gain media, with varying viewpoints [2]. Traditionally, much of the research on amplifying media has considered the interaction of light within the entire volume of such a medium. Recent interest in metamaterials and other esoteric structures in which plasmons are used to manipulate optical signals has brought attention to the role of surface waves in active dielectrics [3, 4]. From a fundamental perspective, the main difference between active and passive media is that spontaneous emission cannot be avoided in gain media. As a result, a rigorous analysis of gain media demands a quantum-mechanical treatment. Spontaneous emission in a gain medium depends not only on the material properties of that medium but also on the optical modes supported by the structure containing that material [5]. By a clever design of this structure (e.g., photonic crystals or microdisk resonators with a metallic cladding), it is possible to control the local density of optical modes and the spontaneous emission process itself. In Chapter 4, we discuss how to model a gain medium under such conditions by deploying optical Bloch equations.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Feb 3, 2011•0 citations

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This study reports the first experimental demonstration that two light pulses were made motionless and interacted with each other through a medium. The scheme with motionless light pulses maximizes the interaction time and can achieve a considerable efficiency even below single-photon level. To demonstrate the enhancement of optical nonlinear efficiency, the experiment in this study used the process of one optical pulse switched by another based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency. Moving light pulses activate switching at an energy per area of 2 photons per atomic absorption cross section as discussed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)]. This study demonstrates that motionless light pulses can activate switching at 0.56 photons per atomic absorption cross section, and that the light level can be further reduced by increasing the optical density of the medium. The result of this work enters a new regime of low-light physics.

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The Absorption of Pumping Light in Four-level Solid State Medium Pumped with a Long Pulse

Qin Hua

The theoretical solution of the pump light absorption in a 4-level solid state gain medium was presented by solving light transport and coupled rate equations of pump process in gain medium.It is shown that the absorption of pump light with respect to the depth in the solid medium is not simply a exponential function,when pump photon density is high enough,this absorption becomes a linearity with the absorption depth in the gain medium.The rule of the pump light absorption changing from expeonential to linearity was discussed.The simulation results for YAG crystal show that a rule of the pump light absorption is simplified to Beers formula only under the condition of I_0≤1.0×10~4 J·s~(-1)·cm~(-2),while I_0≥1.0×10~5 J·s~(-1)·cm~(-2) within absorption depth of 0.7 cm this rule is a linear function.

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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks•Jul 27, 2022•0 citations
The study of optical effects in active media is rich with unexpected consequences. For instance, one may imagine that absorption and amplification in a dielectric medium will exhibit some sort of symmetry because both are related to the same imaginary part of the dielectric constant, except for a sign change. It turns out that such a symmetry does not exist [1]. This issue has also been investigated in detail for random or disordered gain media, with varying viewpoints [2]. Traditionally, much of the research on amplifying media has considered the interaction of light within the entire volume of such a medium. Recent interest in metamaterials and other esoteric structures in which plasmons are used to manipulate optical signals has brought attention to the role of surface waves in active dielectrics [3, 4]. From a fundamental perspective, the main difference between active and passive media is that spontaneous emission cannot be avoided in gain media. As a result, a rigorous analysis of gain media demands a quantum-mechanical treatment. Spontaneous emission in a gain medium depends not only on the material properties of that medium but also on the optical modes supported by the structure containing that material [5]. By a clever design of this structure (e.g., photonic crystals or microdisk resonators with a metallic cladding), it is possible to control the local density of optical modes and the spontaneous emission process itself. In Chapter 4, we discuss how to model a gain medium under such conditions by deploying optical Bloch equations.
This study reports the first experimental demonstration that two light pulses were made motionless and interacted with each other through a medium. The scheme with motionless light pulses maximizes the interaction time and can achieve a considerable efficiency even below single-photon level. To demonstrate the enhancement of optical nonlinear efficiency, the experiment in this study used the process of one optical pulse switched by another based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency. Moving light pulses activate switching at an energy per area of 2 photons per atomic absorption cross section as discussed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)]. This study demonstrates that motionless light pulses can activate switching at 0.56 photons per atomic absorption cross section, and that the light level can be further reduced by increasing the optical density of the medium. The result of this work enters a new regime of low-light physics.
The theoretical solution of the pump light absorption in a 4-level solid state gain medium was presented by solving light transport and coupled rate equations of pump process in gain medium.It is shown that the absorption of pump light with respect to the depth in the solid medium is not simply a exponential function,when pump photon density is high enough,this absorption becomes a linearity with the absorption depth in the gain medium.The rule of the pump light absorption changing from expeonential to linearity was discussed.The simulation results for YAG crystal show that a rule of the pump light absorption is simplified to Beers formula only under the condition of I_0≤1.0×10~4 J·s~(-1)·cm~(-2),while I_0≥1.0×10~5 J·s~(-1)·cm~(-2) within absorption depth of 0.7 cm this rule is a linear function.