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IEEE Access

ZF-SIC Based Individual Secrecy in SIMO Multiple Access Wiretap Channel

Kaiwei Jiang, Tao Jing, Fan Zhang, Yan Huo, Zhen Li

Published Jan 1, 2017• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a decoding method of joint zero-forcing and successive interference cancellation (ZF-SIC) is put forward to assist the study of the individual secrecy in the quasi-static Rayleigh fading single-input multiple-output multiple access wiretap channel. We first evaluate the individual secrecy performance by deriving the closed-form expressions in terms of positive secrecy capacity probability, secrecy outage probability, and effective secrecy throughput (EST). Besides the expected impact of the SIC order, we find, in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the secrecy performance is only determined by the transmitter’s relative distance to eavesdropper over legitimate receiver rather than the SNR. Such a result prompts us to propose an SIC order scheduling scheme (alternative scheme) on basis of the transmitters’ relative distances from the shortest to the longest. It is proved optimal in achieving total maximum EST in high SNR regime. Finally, we also investigate the problem of optimal power allocation to each transmitter under the constraint of the limited total power. An interesting solution to this problem is disclosed with the aid of numerical analysis.

DOI
10.1109/access.2017.2696032

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In this paper, a decoding method of joint zero-forcing and successive interference cancellation (ZF-SIC) is put forward to assist the study of the individual secrecy in the quasi-static Rayleigh fading single-input multiple-output multiple access wiretap channel. We first evaluate the individual secrecy performance by deriving the closed-form expressions in terms of positive secrecy capacity probability, secrecy outage probability, and effective secrecy throughput (EST). Besides the expected impact of the SIC order, we find, in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the secrecy performance is only determined by the transmitter’s relative distance to eavesdropper over legitimate receiver rather than the SNR. Such a result prompts us to propose an SIC order scheduling scheme (alternative scheme) on basis of the transmitters’ relative distances from the shortest to the longest. It is proved optimal in achieving total maximum EST in high SNR regime. Finally, we also investigate the problem of optimal power allocation to each transmitter under the constraint of the limited total power. An interesting solution to this problem is disclosed with the aid of numerical analysis.
Recently, a new paradigm of multiple access (MAC) along with one eavesdropper to achieve secrecy transmissions has been getting in focus. However, all existing work on such multiple access wiretap channel (MAC-WT) mainly concentrates on the secrecy performance of the system as a whole from an information theoretic perspective. In this work, we investigate the secrecy performance of a single transmitter in the quasi-static Rayleigh fading MAC-WT on basis of two decoding methods, zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE), jointly with successive interference cancellation (SIC). We evaluate the secrecy performance in three metrics: positive secrecy capacity probability, secrecy outage probability and effective secrecy throughput. The analytical and simulation results show that, 1) the SIC order has great impacts on the secrecy performance for both methods; 2) MMSE-SIC outperforms ZF-SIC, while the performance gap can be overcome via adjusting SIC order, or increasing SNR, or enhancing the spatial diversity gain; 3) in high SNR regime, the secrecy performance is only determined by the relative distance to eavesdropper over legitimate receiver rather than the SNR.
A new paradigm of uplink non-orthogonal multiple access along with multiple eavesdroppers to achieve secrecy transmission is studied in this paper. We investigate the secrecy performance of a single transmitter in both non-colluding- and colluding-eavesdropper scenarios on basis of two decoding methods at the legitimate receiver, zero-forcing (ZF), and minimum mean-square error (MMSE), jointly with successive interference cancellation (SIC). We first evaluate the secrecy performance in three metrics: secrecy outage probability, effective secrecy throughput (EST), and positive secrecy capacity probability. Analytical results show: 1) the collusion of eavesdroppers deteriorates the secrecy performance, which is an affine combination of those regarding each single eavesdropper and 2) MMSE-SIC outperforms ZF-SIC, while the performance gap can be overcome via reducing the number of interferers, or increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or enhancing the spatial diversity gain. We then analyze the asymptotic behaviors of the secrecy performance, revealing the high-SNR secrecy performance for both ZF-SIC and MMSE-SIC approaches to the same result which is location-dependent only. Furthermore, we study the problem of optimal power allocation to each transmitter subject to limited total transmit power. An interesting solution to this problem is demonstrated with the aid of numerical results. Finally, we propose an SIC order scheduling scheme which is conjectured to be optimal in achieving total maximum EST in a high SNR regime.
We investigate individual secrecy performance in a K -user quasi-static Rayleigh fading homogeneous multiple access wiretap channel (MAC-WT), where a legitimate receiver employs successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding. We first evaluate individual secrecy performance under an arbitrary SIC order by deriving closed-form expressions with respect to secrecy outage probability and effective secrecy throughput (EST) as main metrics. The resulting closed-form expressions disclose a significant impact on the secrecy performance from the order of SIC decoding. Therefore, we propose three SIC decoding order scheduling schemes: (1) round-robin scheme, absolutely fair and served as a benchmark; (2) suboptimal scheme, based on each user’s main channel condition; and (3) optimal scheme, based on each user’s achievable secrecy rate. Comparison results show that the last two schemes outperform the first one with regard to both the EST and the multi-user diversity gain, whereas the performance of the suboptimal scheme is highly close to that of the optimal scheme which is usually impractical due to a requirement for the eavesdropper’s channel state information (CSI).
We analyze and optimize the secrecy performance of artificial noise (AN) in multi-input single-output wiretap channels with multiple antennas at the transmitter and a single antenna at the receiver and the eavesdropper. We consider two transmission schemes: 1) an on-off transmission scheme with a constant secrecy rate for all transmission periods, and 2) an adaptive transmission scheme with a varying secrecy rate during each transmission period. For the on-off transmission scheme, an easy-to-compute expression is derived for the hybrid outage probability, which allows us to evaluate the transmission outage probability and the secrecy outage probability. For the adaptive transmission scheme where transmission outage does not occur, we derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability. Using these expressions, we determine the optimal power allocation between the information signal and the AN signal and also determine the optimal secrecy rate such that the effective secrecy throughput is maximized for both transmission schemes. We show that the maximum effective secrecy throughput requires more power to be allocated to the AN signal when the quality of the transmitter-receiver channel or the transmitter-eavesdropper channel improves. We also show that both transmission schemes achieve a higher maximum effective secrecy throughput while incurring a lower secrecy outage probability than existing schemes.
Secrecy on the physical layer receives increased research interest. Especially in the wireless communication scenarios, the interest in confidentiality of messages increases. In this paper, we discuss the effectiveness of the beamforming strategies maximum ratio transmission (MRT), zero forcing (ZF), and an optimized beamforming (BF) strategy for the transmission under secrecy constraints. The applied channel model is the flat-fading MISO (multiple-input single-output) wiretap channel, where the channel to the eavesdropper is only partly known at the transmitter. The scenario with perfect and no channel information to the eavesdropper are included as special cases. We show that under certain conditions the achievable secrecy rates for the transmission with optimized beam-forming can be increased by transmitting artificial noise (AN) in the null space of the channel to the intended receiver, which produces additional interference only at the eavesdropper. We provide a characterization of the optimal beamforming and artificial noise beamforming and analyze the optimal power allocation for asymptotic cases (low and high SNR as well as no and perfect channel information). Numerical simulations illustrate the results.
This paper investigates secure transmission for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems where the imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) is considered at both legitimate users and eavesdropper (Eve). A power allocation scheme is designed for the legitimate users to mitigate the effect of the SIC error caused by imperfect SIC. For characterizing the secrecy performance of the NOMA system, the closed-form expressions for connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels in both NOMA and benchmark orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems. We also provide security and reliability trade-off results (SRT) for the users in the NOMA and OMA systems. Simulation results verify our analysis and show that the strong users achieve better secrecy performance but worse reliability performance and NOMA outperforms OMA in terms of SRT.