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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

TRINAT apparatus for measurements of correlations from the beta decay of magneto-optically trapped polarized alkali atoms

Alexandre Gorelov, John A. Behr, L. L. Kurchaninov, K. Olchanski, Scott Smale, Spencer Behling, D. Melconian, B. Fenker, M. Mehlman, P.D. Shilding, M. Anholm, D. Ashery, G. Gwinner

Published Oct 24, 2013• 0 citations
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We have constructed a magneto-optical trap for chromium atoms. Using trapping light at 425 nm and two repumping lasers tuned to intercombination transitions, over 106{10}^{6}106 atoms were trapped and average densities of over ${10}^{16}{\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ were obtained. Nonexponential loss of atoms is observed at high densities indicating inelastic collisions between trapped atoms. Over a range of trapping conditions, the density-dependent trap loss rate constant \ensuremath{\beta} is extracted from fluorescence decay curves and found to have values in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}{\mathrm{}\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ much larger than is observed in alkali-metal traps.
The use of a cryogenic apparatus has several advantages for the magneto-optical and magnetostatic trapping of atoms. We have measured the lifetimes of magneto-optical and magnetostatic traps for cesium to be greatly increased in a cryogenic vacuum environment relative to a room-temperature vacuum environment, due to reduced background pressure and reduced mass and kinetic energy of background gas atoms. Another advantage of a cryogenic apparatus is that superconducting magnetic field coils can easily be used to generate very high magnetic field gradients for stronger confinement of the trapped atoms. We report the first measurements of the stability of MOT's at high magnetic field gradients and laser intensities, and compare the results to a model based on evaporation of atoms from the MOT using a Fokker-Planck equation approach. This model is more consistent with the data than an alternative model based on ejection of atoms by magnetic dipole forces. We also measure the dynamical parameters for magneto-optically trapped atoms at both high and low magnetic field gradients and with trapping laser intensities above saturation and compare the data to a simple physical model based on polarization gradient cooling. Consistent with measurements by other groups, the measured friction is consistent with the polarization gradient model, but the measured spring constant is drastically reduced and more consistent with the predictions of the Doppler theory.