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Quantum Information Processing

Protecting single-photon entanglement with practical entanglement source

Lan Zhou, Yang Ou-Yang, Lei Wang, Yu‐Bo Sheng

Published Apr 28, 2017• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-017-1601-3

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Abstract A single-photon qudit encoded in more than one degree of freedom (DOF) can effectively enlarge a single photon’s capacity and has great potential for applications in future high-capacity quantum communication fields. During the photon transmission in practical noisy channels, photon qudits may suffer from photon transmission loss, which largely limits their application. In this paper, we propose a practical noiseless linear amplification (NLA) protocol for protecting the single-photon qudit encoded in polarization and double-longitudinal momentum DOFs. This NLA adopts the imperfect entangled state generated from a practical spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) source as the auxiliary state and can be realized under current experimental conditions. After performing the NLA protocol, the fidelity of the target single-photon qudit can be increased and the encoded information in all DOFs can be well preserved. We show the adoption of the imperfect entangled state generated from SPDC source is superior to that of the imperfect single-photon state from a practical heralded single-photon source. Our NLA protocol has application potential in current and future quantum communications.
Abstract A single photon is the basic building block in quantum communication. However, it is sensitive to photon loss. In this paper, we discuss a linear-optical amplification protocol for protecting a single photon with a practical spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) source. Our protocol revealed that in a practical experimental condition, the amplification using entanglement as an auxiliary is more powerful than the amplification using a single photon as an auxiliary, for the vacuum state in the SPDC source does not disturb the amplification and can be eliminated automatically. Moreover, the weak SPDC source will become another advantage to benefit the amplification, as the double-pair emission error can be decreased. Our protocol may be useful in future quantum cryptography, especially in the device-independent quantum key distribution.
Single-photon entanglement (SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.