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Finite-time quantum correlations of propagating squeezed microwaves

Kirill G. Fedorov, Stefan Pogorzalek, U. Las Heras, Mikel Sanz, Patrick Yard, Peter Eder, Michael Fischer, Jan Goetz, E. Xie, K. Inomata, Yasunobu Nakamura, Roberto Di Candia, E. Solano, Achim Marx, Frank Deppe, R. Groß

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Two-mode squeezing is a fascinating example of quantum entanglement manifested in cross-correlations of incompatible observables between two subsystems. At the same time, these subsystems themselves may contain no quantum signatures in their self-correlations. These properties make two-mode squeezed (TMS) states an ideal resource for applications in quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum illumination. Propagating microwave TMS states can be produced by a beam splitter distributing single mode squeezing emitted from Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA) into two output paths. In this work, we experimentally quantify the dephasing process of quantum correlations in propagating TMS microwave states and accurately describe it with a theory model. In this way, we gain an insight into quantum entanglement limits and predict high fidelities for benchmark quantum communication protocols such as remote state preparation and quantum teleportation.

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Two-mode squeezing is a fascinating example of quantum entanglement manifested in cross-correlations of incompatible observables between two subsystems. At the same time, these subsystems themselves may contain no quantum signatures in their self-correlations. These properties make two-mode squeezed (TMS) states an ideal resource for applications in quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum illumination. Propagating microwave TMS states can be produced by a beam splitter distributing single mode squeezing emitted from Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA) into two output paths. In this work, we experimentally quantify the dephasing process of quantum correlations in propagating TMS microwave states and accurately describe it with a theory model. In this way, we gain an insight into quantum entanglement limits and predict high fidelities for benchmark quantum communication protocols such as remote state preparation and quantum teleportation.
Two-mode squeezing is a fascinating example of quantum entanglement manifested in cross-correlations of non-commuting observables between two subsystems. At the same time, these subsystems themselves may contain no quantum signatures in their self-correlations. These properties make two-mode squeezed (TMS) states an ideal resource for applications in quantum communication. Here, we generate propagating microwave TMS states by a beam splitter distributing single mode squeezing emitted from distinct Josephson parametric amplifiers along two output paths. We experimentally study the fundamental dephasing process of quantum cross-correlations in continuous-variable propagating TMS microwave states and accurately describe it with a theory model. In this way, we gain the insight into finite-time entanglement limits and predict high fidelities for benchmark quantum communication protocols such as remote state preparation and quantum teleportation.
Two-mode squeezing is a fascinating example of quantum entanglement manifested in cross-correlations of non-commuting observables between two subsystems. At the same time, these subsystems themselves may contain no quantum signatures in their self-correlations. These properties make two-mode squeezed (TMS) states an ideal resource for applications in quantum communication. Here, we generate propagating microwave TMS states by a beam splitter distributing single mode squeezing emitted from distinct Josephson parametric amplifiers along two output paths. We experimentally study the fundamental dephasing process of quantum cross-correlations in continuous-variable propagating TMS microwave states and accurately describe it with a theory model. In this way, we gain the insight into finite-time entanglement limits and predict high fidelities for benchmark quantum communication protocols such as remote state preparation and quantum teleportation.
Propagating quantum microwaves are a key ingredient for quantum communication.A particular form of such quantum microwaves is squeezed states.In this work, we investigate squeezed states generated by Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) with a dual-path setup.Squeezed coherent states can be generated by sending coherent states into a JPA.Alternatively, displacement operations can be performed using a directional coupler.We discuss our results in the context of remote state preparation and quantum teleportation. KurzzusammenfassungPropagierende Quantenmikrowellen sind Schlüsselbausteine für die Quantenkommunikation. Wir untersuchen gequetschte Zustände, die mit Josephson parametrischen Verstärkern (JPA) erzeugt werden, mit der Zweipfadmethode zur Zustandsrekonstruktion. Gequetschte kohärente Zustände können sowohl durch Einsenden eines kohärenten Signals in den JPA, als auch durch Anwenden einer Verschiebungsoperation auf einen gequestschten Vakuumzustand, generiert werden.Wir diskutieren unsere Ergebnisse im Rahmen von ferngesteuerter Zustandspräparation und Quantenteleportation.
The creation of high-quality cluster states in superconducting microwave circuits is a relevant ingredient in continuous-variable quantum computing. Although large-scale cluster states have been established in optical systems, dissipation prevents their direct applicability to the microwave realm. Recent improvements in superconducting parametric circuits, in particular Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA) and traveling wave parametric amplifiers (TWPA), have permitted substantial progress in producing entangled states using microwave photons. In this paper, we examine experimentally and theoretically the effects of numerous parametric pump tones on the degree of two-mode squeezing in a quantum circuit and apply it to the JPA. We find that additional pumps diminish the initial two-mode correlations achieved with a single pump by redistributing it among a larger network of modes and by introducing entanglement with additional idler frequencies. Taking into account the actual heterodyne measurement conditions, the experimental results are consistent with theoretical expectations.
This thesis presents the experimental achievements of (1) generating entangled-microwave fields propagating on two physically separate transmission lines and (2) verifying the entangled states with efficient measurements. Shared entanglement between two parties is an essential resource for quantum information processing and quantum communication protocols. Experimentally, entangled pairs of electromagnetic fields can be realized by distributing a squeezed vacuum over two separated modes. As a result, entanglement is revealed by the strong cross-correlations between specific quadratures of the two modes. Although it is possible to verify the presence of entanglement with low-efficiency quadrature measurements, higher detection efficiencies are desired for performing protocols that exploit entanglement with high fidelity.\nIn the microwave regime, Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) fulfill the two major tasks mentioned above: JPAs prepare the required squeezed states to generate entanglement and enable us to perform efficient quadrature measurements. Therefore, for the purposes of entanglement generation and verification, ultralow-noise--frequency-tunable JPAs have been developed. Additionally, to increase the efficiency of entanglement generation, we integrate JPAs with two on-chip microwave passive components, a directional coupler and a quadrature hybrid, to form an entangler circuit. The two-mode entangled states are created at the two output modes of the entangler and are measured with a two-channel measurement apparatus where each of the two channels incorporates a JPA as a single-quadrature preamplifier. By employing this measurement scheme, the two measured quadratures of the two output modes can be chosen independently of each other, enabling a full characterization of the two-mode state. To definitively demonstrate the two-mode entanglement, I prove that the measured quadrature variances satisfy the inseparability criterion.