Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Enterprise Information Management

Transmission and control for QKD in online banking systems

Anand Sharma, Saroj Kumar Lenka

Published Apr 10, 2017• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Purpose Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology, based on the quantum laws of physics, rather than the assumed computational complexity of mathematical problems, to generate and distribute provably secure cipher keys over unsecured channels. The authors are using this concept of QKD for the online banking systems. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In order to function properly, any system using QKD needs to transport both quantum and classical data from a specified source to a specified destination, resolve competing requests for shared hardware, and manage shared keys between neighboring trusted nodes via a multi-hop mechanism. In this paper the authors are going to explain the transmission and control system for QKD implementation in online banking systems. Findings This paper presents the transmission and system control of QKD for online banking system is feasible under specific conditions outside a laboratory. Above, the authors have shown the research on the QKD based online banking systems. Though the current researches are focused on QKD systems for online banking systems, the techniques discussed can be applied to other quantum information processing involving photons. Combination with other efforts that are not mentioned here, such as entangled-photon-sources, single photon sources, two-qubit gates, and so on, will provide a rigid foundation for future quantum information technologies. Originality/value Recognizing the importance of online access as one of the vehicles for the development of cheaper, faster and more reliable services there are areas of improvement where all involved parties should endeavor to improve toward the deployment of services without unnecessary or excessive risks. This improvement applies to both retail and commercial customers and does not endorse any particular technology.

DOI
10.1108/jeim-08-2014-0084

Related papers

Authentication in Online Banking Systems through Quantum Cryptography

Anand Sharma

The new information technology is becoming an important factor in the future development of financial services industry, and especially banking industry. Growing international trading and problems in transferring money have motivated researchers to introduce a new structure. Online banking is the newest delivery channel for retail banking services. Online banking facilitated by various Electronic Commerce technologies, has helped commercial banks to stay competitive through productivity gains, transaction cost reduction and customer service improvement. Security for online banking has changed considerably during the relatively short period that online banking has been in use. In particular, authentication in the early implementations was, and sometimes still is, vulnerable to various attacks such as phishing. It is known that the quantum cryptography protocols are able to detect immediately any attempt to attack the key exchange and the authentication process. This paper presents an introduction of online banking and quantum cryptography. In this paper we are proposing a model for authentication in online banking system with quantum cryptography. KeywordsOnline banking. Quantum Cryptography, QKD, Security, Authentication.

•Jan 1, 2013•6 citations

Integration of Quantum Key Distribution in the SSL/TLS handshake protocol

Nicola Laurenti, Nicola Tommasi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology, based on the quantum laws of physics, rather than the assumed computation complexity of mathematical problems, to generate and distribute provably secure cipher keys over unsecured channels. It does this using single photon technology and can detect potential eavesdropping via the quantum bit error rates of the quantum channel

•Sep 30, 2013•0 citations

Jaringan Komputer Quantum dan Penerapan Quantum Key Distribution pada Keamanan Data Perbankan

Fadhil Adiyatma Putra, Bayu Isma Setiaji, Ahmad Nur Syafri

The development of quantum computing has a significant impact on cybersecurity, particularly in the banking sector, which relies heavily on data confidentiality and integrity. Classical cryptographic algorithms are at risk of becoming vulnerable due to the ability of quantum computers to break encryption systems using algorithms such as Shor's, raising the need for new security technologies based on quantum mechanical principles. This study analyzes the concept of quantum computer networks, identifies implementation challenges, and examines case studies of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) applications in banking data security systems. The research method used is a descriptive approach through literature analysis and case studies of QKD applications in global financial networks. The results show that QKD can improve the security of encryption key exchanges through an eavesdropping detection mechanism that relies on changes in the state of photons, thus enabling communications that are theoretically impossible to intercept without detection. Case studies of the SwissQuantum Network and financial networks in China demonstrate that the implementation of QKD has successfully improved the security of data communications between bank branches and data centers. However, this study also identified several key challenges, such as high infrastructure costs, limited transmission distances, and the complexity of integration with existing cryptographic systems and conventional networks. Furthermore, human resource readiness, regulatory support, and long-term investment are key factors in the successful implementation of this technology. This study concludes that QKD is a promising security solution for the banking sector in facing future quantum computing threats, although its adoption requires strategic planning, technological readiness, and comprehensive policies.

Journal of Information Systems and Business Technology•Oct 31, 2025•0 citations

Quantum Key Distribution Networks - Key Management: A Survey

Emir Dervisevic, Amina Tanković, Ehsan Fazel +4 more

Secure communication makes the widespread use of telecommunication networks and services possible. With the constant progress of computing and mathematics, new cryptographic methods are being diligently developed. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a promising technology that provides an Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) solution to the secret-key agreement problem between two remote parties. QKD networks based on trusted relay nodes are built to provide service to a larger number of parties at arbitrary distances. They function as an add-on technology to traditional networks, generating, managing, distributing, and supplying ITS cryptographic keys. Since key resources are limited, integrating QKD network services into critical infrastructures necessitates effective key management. As a result, this article provides a comprehensive review of key management approaches for trusted-relay QKD networks. They are analyzed to facilitate the identification of potential strategies and accelerate the future development of QKD networks.

arXiv:2408.04580•ACM Computing Surveys•Apr 19, 2025•76 citations

Analysis and evaluation of quantum key distribution protocols

Reza Rouhani

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.

•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations

Quantum Key Distribution for Secure Financial Data Exchange

Pawan Wawage, Sharyu Ikhar, Rashmi Manhas +3 more

The modern banking, stock trading and digital payment systems are banks and financial data exchange. Nevertheless, the advent of quantum computing can be a major challenge to the conventional cryptographic systems, as it may allow attackers to crack the popular encryption systems like RSA and ECC. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative method that can be used to provide a high degree of confidentiality and integrity to an encryption key exchange by utilizing quantum mechanics. The context of this paper is the possibility of using QKD in the context of financial data exchange, such as interbank transfer, SWIFT transfer, blockchain security, and real-time trading data. A comparative study is done on the QKD vs classical cryptographic, with real world case studies given on the implementation of the methods into practice in the financial sector. Other integration issues such as infrastructure costs, distance, regulatory issues, and compatibility with the existing network are also discussed. Lastly, the hybrid models that can be used as transitional models between QKD and post-quantum cryptography are discussed. The results indicate that even though QKD is an effective method to improve the safety of data, its implementation at a large scale would require the development of quantum repeater devices, uniformity, and affordability. Quantum Key Distribution is poised as a strategic requirement to the protection of the future of financial data exchange.

International Conference on Mathematics, Actuarial Science, Computer Science and Statistics (MACS)•Dec 20, 2025•0 citations
Purpose Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology, based on the quantum laws of physics, rather than the assumed computational complexity of mathematical problems, to generate and distribute provably secure cipher keys over unsecured channels. The authors are using this concept of QKD for the online banking systems. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In order to function properly, any system using QKD needs to transport both quantum and classical data from a specified source to a specified destination, resolve competing requests for shared hardware, and manage shared keys between neighboring trusted nodes via a multi-hop mechanism. In this paper the authors are going to explain the transmission and control system for QKD implementation in online banking systems. Findings This paper presents the transmission and system control of QKD for online banking system is feasible under specific conditions outside a laboratory. Above, the authors have shown the research on the QKD based online banking systems. Though the current researches are focused on QKD systems for online banking systems, the techniques discussed can be applied to other quantum information processing involving photons. Combination with other efforts that are not mentioned here, such as entangled-photon-sources, single photon sources, two-qubit gates, and so on, will provide a rigid foundation for future quantum information technologies. Originality/value Recognizing the importance of online access as one of the vehicles for the development of cheaper, faster and more reliable services there are areas of improvement where all involved parties should endeavor to improve toward the deployment of services without unnecessary or excessive risks. This improvement applies to both retail and commercial customers and does not endorse any particular technology.
The new information technology is becoming an important factor in the future development of financial services industry, and especially banking industry. Growing international trading and problems in transferring money have motivated researchers to introduce a new structure. Online banking is the newest delivery channel for retail banking services. Online banking facilitated by various Electronic Commerce technologies, has helped commercial banks to stay competitive through productivity gains, transaction cost reduction and customer service improvement. Security for online banking has changed considerably during the relatively short period that online banking has been in use. In particular, authentication in the early implementations was, and sometimes still is, vulnerable to various attacks such as phishing. It is known that the quantum cryptography protocols are able to detect immediately any attempt to attack the key exchange and the authentication process. This paper presents an introduction of online banking and quantum cryptography. In this paper we are proposing a model for authentication in online banking system with quantum cryptography. KeywordsOnline banking. Quantum Cryptography, QKD, Security, Authentication.
The development of quantum computing has a significant impact on cybersecurity, particularly in the banking sector, which relies heavily on data confidentiality and integrity. Classical cryptographic algorithms are at risk of becoming vulnerable due to the ability of quantum computers to break encryption systems using algorithms such as Shor's, raising the need for new security technologies based on quantum mechanical principles. This study analyzes the concept of quantum computer networks, identifies implementation challenges, and examines case studies of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) applications in banking data security systems. The research method used is a descriptive approach through literature analysis and case studies of QKD applications in global financial networks. The results show that QKD can improve the security of encryption key exchanges through an eavesdropping detection mechanism that relies on changes in the state of photons, thus enabling communications that are theoretically impossible to intercept without detection. Case studies of the SwissQuantum Network and financial networks in China demonstrate that the implementation of QKD has successfully improved the security of data communications between bank branches and data centers. However, this study also identified several key challenges, such as high infrastructure costs, limited transmission distances, and the complexity of integration with existing cryptographic systems and conventional networks. Furthermore, human resource readiness, regulatory support, and long-term investment are key factors in the successful implementation of this technology. This study concludes that QKD is a promising security solution for the banking sector in facing future quantum computing threats, although its adoption requires strategic planning, technological readiness, and comprehensive policies.
Secure communication makes the widespread use of telecommunication networks and services possible. With the constant progress of computing and mathematics, new cryptographic methods are being diligently developed. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a promising technology that provides an Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) solution to the secret-key agreement problem between two remote parties. QKD networks based on trusted relay nodes are built to provide service to a larger number of parties at arbitrary distances. They function as an add-on technology to traditional networks, generating, managing, distributing, and supplying ITS cryptographic keys. Since key resources are limited, integrating QKD network services into critical infrastructures necessitates effective key management. As a result, this article provides a comprehensive review of key management approaches for trusted-relay QKD networks. They are analyzed to facilitate the identification of potential strategies and accelerate the future development of QKD networks.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.
The modern banking, stock trading and digital payment systems are banks and financial data exchange. Nevertheless, the advent of quantum computing can be a major challenge to the conventional cryptographic systems, as it may allow attackers to crack the popular encryption systems like RSA and ECC. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative method that can be used to provide a high degree of confidentiality and integrity to an encryption key exchange by utilizing quantum mechanics. The context of this paper is the possibility of using QKD in the context of financial data exchange, such as interbank transfer, SWIFT transfer, blockchain security, and real-time trading data. A comparative study is done on the QKD vs classical cryptographic, with real world case studies given on the implementation of the methods into practice in the financial sector. Other integration issues such as infrastructure costs, distance, regulatory issues, and compatibility with the existing network are also discussed. Lastly, the hybrid models that can be used as transitional models between QKD and post-quantum cryptography are discussed. The results indicate that even though QKD is an effective method to improve the safety of data, its implementation at a large scale would require the development of quantum repeater devices, uniformity, and affordability. Quantum Key Distribution is poised as a strategic requirement to the protection of the future of financial data exchange.