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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Enhanced Sensitivity to Fundamental Constants In Ultracold Atoms and Molecules near Feshbach Resonances

Cheng Chin, V. V. Flambaum

Published Jun 7, 2007• 0 citations
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We present numerical calculations for cesium and mercury to estimate the sensitivity of the scattering length to the variation of the fine-structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The method used follows the ideas of Chin and Flambaum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 230801 (2006)], where the sensitivity to the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio $\ensuremath{\beta}$ was considered. We demonstrate that for heavy systems, the sensitivity to the variation of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is of the same order of magnitude as to the variation of $\ensuremath{\beta}$. Near narrow Feshbach resonances, the enhancement of the sensitivity may exceed nine orders of magnitude.

arXiv:1103.1183•Physical Review A•May 19, 2011•14 citations
Ultracold molecules offer brand new opportunities to probe the variation of fundamental constants with unprecedented sensitivity. This paper summarizes theoretical background and current constraints on the variation of the fine structure constant and electron-to-proton mass ratio, as well as proposals and experimental efforts to measure the variations based on ultracold molecules. In particular, we describe two novel spectroscopic schemes on ultracold molecules that have greatly enhanced sensitivity to fundamental constants: resonant scattering near Feshbach resonances and spectroscopy on close-lying energy levels of ultracold molecules.
Scattering length, which can be measured in Bose-Einstein condensate and Feshbach molecule experiments, is extremely sensitive to the variation of fundamental constants, in particular, the electron-to-proton mass ratio (m(e)/m(p) or m(e)/Lambda(QCD), where Lambda(QCD), is the QCD scale). Based on single- and two-channel scattering models, we show how the variation of the mass ratio propagates to the scattering length. Our results suggest that variation of m(e)/m(p) on the level of 10(-11) - 10(-14) on the level of can be detected near a narrow magnetic or an optical Feshbach resonance by monitoring the scattering length on the 1% level. Derived formulas may also be used to estimate the isotopic shift of the scattering length.
We present numerical calculations for cesium and mercury to estimate the sensitivity of the scattering length to the variation of the fine-structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The method used follows the ideas of Chin and Flambaum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 230801 (2006)], where the sensitivity to the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio $\ensuremath{\beta}$ was considered. We demonstrate that for heavy systems, the sensitivity to the variation of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is of the same order of magnitude as to the variation of $\ensuremath{\beta}$. Near narrow Feshbach resonances, the enhancement of the sensitivity may exceed nine orders of magnitude.