Abstract Quantum key distribution network has become a reality in practical environment. Quantum repeaters have been explored in various physical systems and their combinations. For practical use of them, these new paradigms must be combined with existing or emerging infrastructures of communication and security systems. In this article, we discussed how quantum network can be combined with modern cryptographic technologies in fibre network and with emerging mobile terminals in wireless network, creating new solutions for the future cryptographic and communication systems. Our discussions are summarised in a roadmap.
Abstract Quantum key distribution network has become a reality in practical environment. Quantum repeaters have been explored in various physical systems and their combinations. For practical use of them, these new paradigms must be combined with existing or emerging infrastructures of communication and security systems. In this article, we discussed how quantum network can be combined with modern cryptographic technologies in fibre network and with emerging mobile terminals in wireless network, creating new solutions for the future cryptographic and communication systems. Our discussions are summarised in a roadmap.
As wireless networks become increasingly integral to modern communication infrastructures, the need for robust security mechanisms to protect sensitive information has never been more critical. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) presents a revolutionary approach to secure communications by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure the theoretical unbreakability of cryptographic keys. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current status of QKD technologies within the context of wireless networks, utilizing secondary data sources to analyze recent advancements, implementations, and challenges. The paper begins by outlining the fundamental principles of QKD and its superiority over classical cryptographic methods. It then examines recent developments in QKD protocols and their adaptability to wireless environments, highlighting successful case studies and experimental trials. Key challenges, including technological limitations, integration hurdles with existing network infrastructures, and cost considerations, are discussed in detail. The review also explores emerging trends and innovations, such as hybrid QKD systems and satellite-based implementations, which promise to expand the applicability and feasibility of QKD in wireless networks. Finally, the study delineates future prospects and potential research directions, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing limitations and fully realize the potential of QKD in enhancing wireless network security.
Quantum cryptography has become a subject of widespread interest. In particular, quantum key distribution, which provides a secure key agreement by using quantum systems, is believed to be the most important application of quantum cryptography. Quantum key distribution has the potential to achieve the “unconditionally” secure infrastructure. We also have many cryptographic tools that are based on “modern cryptography” at the present time. They are being used in an effort to guarantee secure communication over open networks such as the Internet. Unfortunately, their ultimate efficacy is in doubt. Quantum key distribution systems are believed to be close to practical and commercial use. In this paper, we discuss what we should do to apply quantum cryptography to our communications. We also discuss how quantum key distribution can be combined with or used to replace cryptographic tools based on modern cryptography.
Abstract Conventional cryptographic methods are losing their long-term reliability in the face of growing information security threats ranging from increasing computational power to the emergence of quantum computers. In this regard, quantum cryptography technologies, in particular, quantum key distribution (QKD), are emerging as promising tools for ensuring physically grounded data security. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential for autonomous implementation of QKD in 4G/5G mobile networks, focusing on practical deployment and possible limitations. Additionally, the integration of post-quantum cryptography and QKD is explored as a complementary approach to securing user data, along with the prospects for building a secure infrastructure based on VPN technologies and QKD systems. Special attention is given to comparison of international and domestic developments in this field and evaluation of the applicability of these technologies in existing mobile networks.
Abstract - Quantum networking represents one of the most transformative developments in modern secure communication. Unlike classical networks that rely on mathematical encryption, quantum networks exploit the physical properties of qubits—superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem—to establish communication channels that are inherently tamper-evident. As quantum technologies mature, applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum repeaters, quantum teleportation, quantum memory systems, and quantum internet protocols are gaining global traction. This paper consolidates current progress in quantum networking technologies and provides an extended discussion of recent advancements in protocols, hardware components, integrated photonic systems, and machine-learning-enhanced architectures. Additionally, results synthesized from established literature, illustrate performance trends, security gains, and practical deployment challenges in quantum communication networks. The paper also outlines future directions toward scalable quantum internets, hybrid quantum-classical infrastructures, error-corrected qubit networks, satellite-based QKD, and intelligent routing systems. Overall, quantum networking is positioned to redefine the future of secure data transfer, distributed computing, and global communication infrastructures. Key Words: Quantum networking, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Entanglement Distribution, Integrated Photonic Chips, Machine Learning (ML)
The integration of quantum physics into telecommunications is revolutionizing secure communication, data transmission speed, and network architectures. By leveraging quantum principles such as superposition and entanglement, technologies like Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and quantum repeaters are enabling unbreakable encryption and long-distance quantum communication. This article explores the applications of quantum phenomena in modern telecommunications infrastructure, highlights key developments in quantum networking, and evaluates their impact on the future of global communication systems.
Quantum computing advances pose a serious threat to conventional public-key cryptographic systems such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography as quantum algorithms may undermine the computational assumptions that guaranty their security. This challenge has driven the development of quantumsafe security approaches among which Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) represents a fundamentally different paradigm based on quantum mechanical principles rather than mathematical complexity. This paper presents a structured review of recent progress in QKD based on a systematic analysis of literature between 2020 and 2025, we examine core protocols including discrete-variable, continuous-variable, measurement-deviceindependent, and twin-field approaches, while also discussing their relationship with post-quantum cryptography as a complementary strategy for future secure communication systems. We provide a unified comparison framework to support practical design and policy decisions by organizing protocols and implementations along deployment dimensions. The study analyze theoretical foundations, implementation technologies across fiber, free-space, satellite, and integrated photonic platforms, and key performance trade-offs involving scalability, security robustness, and deployment feasibility. Findings indicate substantial progress in transitioning QKD from laboratory research toward practical implementations, supported by advances in network architectures, integrated hardware and hybrid cryptographic designs. The comparative analysis will highlight distinct strengths and limitations among protocol families and emphasize the potential of combining QKD with post-quantum cryptographic methods to enhance resilience. Remaining challenges including scalability constraints, implementation-level vulnerabilities, performance limitations over long distances, and integration with existing communication infrastructures are critically discussed. Finally, emerging research directions such as quantum repeaters, hybrid quantum-classical security models, and exploratory directions such as artificial intelligence-assisted optimizations are identified as key factors in enabling the evolution of QKD toward largescale quantum-secure networking.