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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Rydberg blockade in three-atom systems

Daniel Barredo, Sylvain Ravets, Henning Labuhn, Lucas Béguin, Aline Vernier, Radu Chicireanu, Florence Nogrette, Thierry Lahaye, Antoine Browaeys

Published Jun 4, 2014• 0 citations
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Abstract We present a theoretical scheme to realize the highly entangled W state in the neutral atomic system by using the Rydberg blockade effect. Considering three neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice with an equilateral triangle geometric configuration, we show that only one atom can be excited to the Rydberg excite state due to the Rydberg blockade effect. By choosing a non-zero detuning from the exact two-photon resonance in order to compensate for the blockade error caused by the finite interaction energy, we show that the three atoms W state can be generated. Moreover, we show that three atoms are entangled when W state is achieved with high fidelity.
A Rydberg-blockade sphere provides an intriguing picture by which a number of collective many-body effects caused by the strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions can be clearly understood and profoundly investigated. In the present work, we develop a definition for the effective two-atom blockade radius and show that the original spherically shaped blockade surface would be deformed when the real number of atoms increases from two to three. This deformation of the blockade sphere reveals spatially anisotropic and shrunken properties which strongly depend on the interatomic distance. In addition, we also study the optimal conditions for the Rydberg antiblockade effect and make predictions for improving the antiblockade efficiency in few-atom systems.
We study the Rydberg blockade in a system of three atoms arranged in different two-dimensional geometries (linear and triangular configurations). In the strong blockade regime, we observe high-contrast, coherent collective oscillations of the single excitation probability and an almost perfect van der Waals blockade. Our data are consistent with a total population in doubly and triply excited states below 2%. In the partial blockade regime, we directly observe the anisotropy of the van der Waals interactions between |nD> Rydberg states in the triangular configuration. A simple model that only uses independently measured two-body van der Waals interactions fully reproduces the dynamics of the system without any adjustable parameter. These results are extremely promising for scalable quantum information processing and quantum simulation with neutral atoms.