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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Frequency-dependent cavity lifetime and apparent superluminality in Fabry-Perot-like interferometer

Hsin-Yu Yao, Nai-Ching Chen, Tsun-Hsu Chang, Herbert G. Winful

Published Mar 21, 2013• 0 citations
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Single photons emitted from self-assembled quantum dots have been widely studied to use as a promising qubit for quantum information processing. Therefore, it is critical to fully understand the emission spectra from the quantum dot's excitation if we want to use a single photon as a quantum bit. It is almost impossible to produce rotationally symmetric quantum dots due to various growth conditions and restrictions. So the real quantum dots do not have a perfectly symmetric structure. A broken rotational symmetry causes an asymmetric exchange interaction between electron and hole, leading to a fine structure splitting between two excited states. The energy structure of a neutral InGaAs self-assembled quantum dot can be envisioned as a V-shaped energy diagram. A three-level V-system gives Mollow septuplets or Mollow quintuplets depending upon the frequency of the excitation laser. The main focus of this dissertation is to design a tunable optical filter to explore Mollow septuplets and Mollow quintuplets. A grating spectrometer cannot resolve an emission spectrum of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) due to its limited resolution. Typical frequency separations between features in the emission spectrum of a typical InGaAs quantum dots are 2-10 GHz, while the best resolution available for a commercial spectrometer is about 9 GHz. The solution is to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) as a tunable optical filter. This technique demands precise control of the distance between the two FPI mirrors. One way to control the length of the FPI cavity is to use an optical feedback method to lock the cavity using a costly tunable, stabilized reference laser. Here we adopt an alternative approach that uses an inexpensive, single-frequency laser and spatial interference patterns to lock different interferometer designs. We mechanically connect the FPI cavity to a secondary cavity called a Shearing Interferometer (SI) that is actively stabilized by a simple and inexpensive optical feedback method.

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Time-domain analysis of superluminal effect for one-dimensional Fabry-Pérot cavity

Hsin-Yu Yao, Tsun‐Hsu Chang

This work develops a time-domain approach to explain the origin of superluminality, i.e. , an apparent faster-than-light phenomenon in one-dimensional Fabry-Pérot cavities. The interferences between multiple-reflection echoes are tracked and analyzed. Under the quasi-static condition, the destructive interference is found to result in the advancement of the superposed pulse as compared to its parent signals. It is the key to the superluminal effect. On the contrary, constructive interference can lead to the retardation of the superposed pulse. For a cavity operated at the off-resonance state, the competition between roundtrip destructive interference (group advancement) and multiple-roundtrip constructive interference (group retardation) determines how short the group delay can be observed. Manipulating the competition between roundtrip interferences opens numerous opportunities in controlling the signal delays or shaping the pulse waveforms.

Chinese Journal of Physics•Sep 1, 2020•1 citation
Extraordinary group delays shorter than the transit time of light propagating at ccc through an equal distance have been experimentally demonstrated in single-Fabry-P\'erot (FP) waveguide systems and cascaded-FP structures under off-resonant conditions. These ``superluminal'' phenomena are well explained by the multiple-reflection destructive interference that reduces the intracavity stored energy when operating off resonances. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained when the dispersive effects of reflective boundaries are considered. These results provide further insight into the nature of apparent superluminality in regions of allowed propagation.
Single photons emitted from self-assembled quantum dots have been widely studied to use as a promising qubit for quantum information processing. Therefore, it is critical to fully understand the emission spectra from the quantum dot's excitation if we want to use a single photon as a quantum bit. It is almost impossible to produce rotationally symmetric quantum dots due to various growth conditions and restrictions. So the real quantum dots do not have a perfectly symmetric structure. A broken rotational symmetry causes an asymmetric exchange interaction between electron and hole, leading to a fine structure splitting between two excited states. The energy structure of a neutral InGaAs self-assembled quantum dot can be envisioned as a V-shaped energy diagram. A three-level V-system gives Mollow septuplets or Mollow quintuplets depending upon the frequency of the excitation laser. The main focus of this dissertation is to design a tunable optical filter to explore Mollow septuplets and Mollow quintuplets. A grating spectrometer cannot resolve an emission spectrum of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) due to its limited resolution. Typical frequency separations between features in the emission spectrum of a typical InGaAs quantum dots are 2-10 GHz, while the best resolution available for a commercial spectrometer is about 9 GHz. The solution is to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) as a tunable optical filter. This technique demands precise control of the distance between the two FPI mirrors. One way to control the length of the FPI cavity is to use an optical feedback method to lock the cavity using a costly tunable, stabilized reference laser. Here we adopt an alternative approach that uses an inexpensive, single-frequency laser and spatial interference patterns to lock different interferometer designs. We mechanically connect the FPI cavity to a secondary cavity called a Shearing Interferometer (SI) that is actively stabilized by a simple and inexpensive optical feedback method.
This work develops a time-domain approach to explain the origin of superluminality, i.e. , an apparent faster-than-light phenomenon in one-dimensional Fabry-Pérot cavities. The interferences between multiple-reflection echoes are tracked and analyzed. Under the quasi-static condition, the destructive interference is found to result in the advancement of the superposed pulse as compared to its parent signals. It is the key to the superluminal effect. On the contrary, constructive interference can lead to the retardation of the superposed pulse. For a cavity operated at the off-resonance state, the competition between roundtrip destructive interference (group advancement) and multiple-roundtrip constructive interference (group retardation) determines how short the group delay can be observed. Manipulating the competition between roundtrip interferences opens numerous opportunities in controlling the signal delays or shaping the pulse waveforms.