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Quantum Information Processing

Generating multi-mode entangled coherent W and GHZ states via optical system based fusion mechanism

Xue-Ping Zang, Ming Yang, Weifeng Wu, Hong-Yi Fan

Published Apr 9, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-017-1591-1

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An optical realization of the Greenberger, Horne, Zeilinger (GHZ) state is proposed for testing local realistic theories. The optical GHZ states in this case are three-mode entangled coherent states and the relevant observable used to perform tests of quantum mechanics against local realistic theories is photon number parity. The amplitudes of the coherent states need to be mesoscopic if significant losses are involved but may be macroscopic if losses are minimal. A method is proposed for generating the required GHZ state that amounts to an extension of a proposal previously discussed (C.C. Gerry, Phys. Rev. A 59 4095 (1999)) for generating macroscopic superposition states of travelling wave fields.
Photonic Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states serve as the central resource for a number of important applications in quantum information science, including secret sharing, sensing, and fusion-based quantum computing. The use of photon-emitter entangling gates is a promising approach to creating these states that sidesteps many of the difficulties associated with intrinsically probabilistic methods based on linear optics. However, the efficient creation of high-fidelity GHZ states of many photons remains an outstanding challenge due to both coherent and incoherent errors during the generation process. Here, we propose an entanglement concentration protocol that is capable of generating perfect GHZ states using only local gates and measurements on imperfect weighted graph states. We show that our protocol is both efficient and robust to incoherent noise errors.
This work presents a theoretical study of a protocol for dynamical generation and storage of the durable, highly entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state in a system composed of bosonic atoms loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice potential. A method of indicating entanglement in the system is also presented. The system ground-state can be either in the superfluid phase or in the Mott insulator phase. The wave functions of atoms in the superfluid phase are delocalised over the whole lattice and overlap. In the Mott phase, the wave functions are localised around lattice sites. The GHZ state is being generated in the superfluid phase and stored in the Mott insulator phase. It is achieved by a linear change of the potential depth in an optical lattice filled with atoms of two species. The numerical method used to describe the system is based on the exact diagonalisation of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. A quantum correlator indicating the level of multi-mode entanglement is introduced. Finally, it is shown that the value of the correlator indicates generation of the GHZ state. The appearance of the GHZ state is confirmed by the numerical representation of the state.