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Laser Physics Letters

High-spatial-resolution 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization based on the quantum interference effect

Xin Jiang, Jingjing Gao, Xiudong Sun

Published Apr 5, 2017• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We study the influence of quantum interference on 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization in a four-level atom driven by three external fields with a loop structure. When the dipoles of the two transitions from two upper levels to the lower level are parallel to each other, quantum interference between the two transitions arises. The analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) distribution is obtained using the iterative method. We discuss the influence of the detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon, the Rabi frequency of the microwave field and the dipole moment matrix element alignment p on the CPP. 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained and the spatial resolution is improved significantly compared with cases with no quantum interference.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/aa6705

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Abstract We study the influence of quantum interference on 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization in a four-level atom driven by three external fields with a loop structure. When the dipoles of the two transitions from two upper levels to the lower level are parallel to each other, quantum interference between the two transitions arises. The analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) distribution is obtained using the iterative method. We discuss the influence of the detuning of the spontaneously emitted photon, the Rabi frequency of the microwave field and the dipole moment matrix element alignment p on the CPP. 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained and the spatial resolution is improved significantly compared with cases with no quantum interference.
We study two-dimensional sub-wavelength atom localization based on the microwave coupling field controlling and spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) effect. For a five-level M-type atom, introducing a microwave coupling field between two upper levels and considering the quantum interference between two transitions from two upper levels to lower levels, the analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) distribution is obtained using the iterative method. The influence of the detuning of a spontaneously emitted photon, Rabi frequency of the microwave field, and the SGC effect on the CPP are discussed. The two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization with high-precision and high spatial resolution is achieved by adjusting the detuning and the Rabi frequency, where the atom can be localized in a region smaller thanλ/10×λ/10. The spatial resolution is improved significantly compared with the case without the microwave field.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization using two lasers with equal frequencies, and obtain the analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) using a spontaneous-emission spectrum for a four-level atom which passes through two-dimensional orthogonal standing-wave fields. The quantum interference effect between two decay channels leads to extreme spectral narrowing and quenching of spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-wave field, which results in the appearance of a high-spatial-resolution localization peak. The two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained with high precision and high spatial resolution by adjusting the relative phase and detuning.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controlled spontaneous emission, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Due to the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the resulting spontaneously emission spectrum. The phase sensitive property of the atomic system leads to quenching of the spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-waves, which significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. We find that the frequency measurement of the emitted light localizes the atom in half-wavelength domain. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can reach 100% when a photon with certain frequency is detected. By increasing the Rabi frequencies of the driving fields, such 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization can acquire high spatial resolution.
A scheme for two-dimensional (2D) subwavelength atom localization is proposed, in which the atom is in a four-level tripod configuration and driven by two orthogonal standing-wave lasers. Because of the spatial dependence of atom-field interaction, the spontaneously emitted photon carries information about the position of the atom in standing-wave fields. We exploit this fact to 2D atom localization conditioned on the measurement of spontaneously emitted photon at a particular frequency, and obtain a high precision and resolution in the position probability distribution. Moreover, an improvement by a factor of 2 in the detecting probability of an atom can be achieved by initially preparing the atom in the coherent population trapping state. Qualitatively, the high-precision, high-resolution atom localization can be attributed to the quantum interference effect between competitive multiple spontaneous decay channels.
Abstract We introduce a new approach for precise and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atom localization in a four-level Δ∇ atomic system driven by microwave (M) and radio frequency (R) fields. In the proposed work, additional microwave and radio-frequency fields are utilized for an efficient control of the localization precision. Due to the spatially varying atom-field interaction, the probe susceptibility become position dependent and therefore, one can directly ascertain the position probability distribution of an atom by analyzing the probe spectra. The phase-sensitive property of the atomic system plays a significant role in substantially reducing the uncertainty associated with atom position measurements. We have studied the system behavior through the analysis of dressed states, which forms the basis for its physical interpretation. The increase in precision for measuring the atom’s position is a result of interference between one-photon excitation and the phase-dependent three-photon excitation arising from the closed interacting contour within the laser-driven atomic system, as demonstrated through both numerical calculations and qualitative analyses. The findings indicate that precise sub-wavelength atom localization can be attained by appropriately adjusting the system parameters. Also, the optimal adjustment of these parameters can lead to 100% probability of locating the atom at a particular position within 2D and 3D subspaces.
We propose two schemes of atom localization based on the interference of double-dark resonances in a tripod and a 'Lambda'-type four-level system. It is demonstrated that the localization is significantly improved owing to the interference of double-dark resonances. In the tripod scheme, the localization can be manipulated by the parameters of an additional control field. Via adjusting the Rabi frequency of the field, one can double the probability of detecting the atom within subwavelength domain. By decreasing the detuning of the field, higher spatial resolution can be achieved. In the 'Lambda'-type four-level system, via adjusting the probe field detuning, we can not only make the atom localized at the nodes of the standing-wave field with high precision, but also increase the detecting probability of the atom at a particular position by a factor of 2.