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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Geometric quantum rotation operation of a degenerate electron spin qubit with a lightwave in an NV center in diamond

Naoki Ishida, Takaaki Nakamura, Touta Tanaka, Shouta Mishima, Yuhei Sekiguchi, Ryota Kuroiwa, Hiroki Kano, Hideo Kosaka

Published Jul 22, 2016• 0 citations
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We propose an approach for an optical qubit rotation in the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. The qubit is encoded in the ground degenerate states at a relatively low-temperature limit. The basic idea of the rotation procedure is the non-Abelian geometric phase in an adiabatic passage, which is produced by the non-adiabatic transition between the two degenerate dark states. The feasibility is based on the success of modeling the NV center as an excited-doublet four-level atom. By applying two pump and two Stokes laser pulses, we found that the behavior of the adiabatic passage depends crucially on the applied intensity of each applied laser field and the detunings between the laser frequencies and their corresponding atomic transition. Particularly, a non-adiabatic transition appears when the applied pump and Stokes laser pulses are off resonance with their corresponding atomic transition.
The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is promising as an electron spin qubit due to its long-lived coherence and optical addressability. The ground state is a spin triplet with two levels $({m}_{s}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ degenerate at zero magnetic field. Polarization-selective microwave excitation is an attractive method to address the spin transitions independently since this allows operation down to zero magnetic field. Using a resonator designed to produce circularly polarized microwaves, we have investigated the polarization selection rules of the NV center. We first apply this technique to NV ensembles in [100]- and [111]-oriented samples. Next, we demonstrate an imaging technique, based on optical polarization dependence, which allows rapid identification of the orientations of many single NV centers. Finally, we test the microwave polarization selection rules of individual NV centers of known orientation.
Electron and nuclear spins of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are good candidates for quantum information processing as they have long coherence time and can be initialized and read out optically. However, creating a large number of coherently coupled and individually addressable NV centers for quantum computing has been a big challenge. Here we propose methods to use high-density diamond NV centers coupled by spin-spin interaction with an average separation on the order of 10 nm for quantum computing. We propose to use a strain gradient to encode the position information of each NV center in the energy level of its excited electron orbital state, which causes a shift of its optical transition frequency. With such strain encoding, more than 100 closely-packed NV centers below optical diffraction limit can be read out individually by resonant optical excitation. A magnetic gradient will be used to shift the electron spin resonant (ESR) frequencies of NV centers. Therefore, the spin state of each NV center can be individually manipulated and different NV centers can be selectively coupled. A universal set of quantum operations for two-qubit and three-qubit system is introduced by careful design of external drives. Moreover, entangled states with multiple qubits can be created by this protocol, which is a major step towards quantum information processing with solid-state spins.