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Time-dependent and strongly-contracted N-electron valence perturbation theories with matrix product state reference wave functions for large active spaces and basis sets: Applications to the chromium dimer and all-trans polyenes

Alexander Yu. Sokolov, Sheng Guo, Enrico Ronca, Garnet Kin‐Lic Chan

Published Mar 31, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In earlier work [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 064102 (2016)], we introduced a time-dependent formulation of the second-order N-electron valence perturbation theory (t-NEVPT2) which (i) had a lower computational scaling than the usual internally-contracted perturbation formulation, and (ii) yielded the fully uncontracted NEVPT2 energy. Here, we present a combination of t-NEVPT2 with a matrix product state (MPS) reference wavefunction (t-MPS-NEVPT2) that allows to compute uncontracted dynamic correlation energies for large active spaces and basis sets, using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (td-DMRG) algorithm. In addition, we report a low-scaling MPS-based implementation of strongly-contracted NEVPT2 (sc-MPS-NEVPT2) that avoids computation of the four-particle reduced density matrix. We use these new methods to compute the dissociation energy of the chromium dimer and to study the low-lying excited states in all-trans polyenes (C_4H_6 to C_(24)H_(26)), incorporating dynamic correlation for reference wavefunctions with up to 24 active electrons and orbitals.

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Time-dependent N-electron valence perturbation theory with matrix product state reference wavefunctions for large active spaces and basis sets: Applications to the chromium dimer and all-trans polyenes

Alexander Yu. Sokolov, Sheng Guo, Enrico Ronca +1 more

In earlier work [A. Y. Sokolov and G. K.-L. Chan, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 064102 (2016)], we introduced a time-dependent formulation of the second-order N-electron valence perturbation theory (t-NEVPT2) which (i) had a lower computational scaling than the usual internally contracted perturbation formulation and (ii) yielded the fully uncontracted NEVPT2 energy. Here, we present a combination of t-NEVPT2 with a matrix product state (MPS) reference wavefunction (t-MPS-NEVPT2) that allows us to compute uncontracted dynamic correlation energies for large active spaces and basis sets, using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group algorithm. In addition, we report a low-scaling MPS-based implementation of strongly contracted NEVPT2 (sc-MPS-NEVPT2) that avoids computation of the four-particle reduced density matrix. We use these new methods to compute the dissociation energy of the chromium dimer and to study the low-lying excited states in all-trans polyenes (C4H6 to C24H26), incorporating dynamic correlation for reference wavefunctions with up to 24 active electrons and orbitals.

arXiv:1703.10830•The Journal of Chemical Physics•Jun 22, 2017•66 citations

N-Electron Valence State Perturbation Theory Based on a Density Matrix Renormalization Group Reference Function, with Applications to the Chromium Dimer and a Trimer Model of Poly(p-Phenylenevinylene)

Sheng Guo, Mark A. Watson, Weifeng Hu +2 more

The strongly contracted variant of second-order N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) is an efficient perturbative method to treat dynamic correlation without the problems of intruder states or level shifts, while the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) provides the capability to address static correlation in large active spaces. We present a combination of the DMRG and strongly contracted NEVPT2 (DMRG-SC-NEVPT2) that uses an efficient algorithm to compute high-order reduced-density matrices from DMRG wave functions. The capabilities of DMRG-SC-NEVPT2 are demonstrated on calculations of the chromium dimer potential energy curve at the basis set limit, and the excitation energies of a trimer model of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV(n = 3)).

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Multi-reference electron correlation with large active spaces from time-dependent perturbation theory with density matrix renormalization group

Alexander Yu. Sokolov, Garnet Kin‐Lic Chan

In the recent years there has been a remarkable progress in the development of methods for the description of strong electron correlation in mols. There are now many methods that describe strong correlation in active spaces with up to 60 orbitals. However, capturing the remaining weak (dynamic) correlation outside of the active space remains a challenge. Conventional multi-ref. methods for dynamic correlation (such as internally-contracted perturbation theory, e.g. CASPT2 or NEVPT2) require computation of up to fourth-order reduced d. matrixes, which prohibits their application to systems with active spaces with more than 24 \norbitals. In this talk I will describe a new method which provides an efficient description of static and dynamic \nelectron correlation by combining the formalism of d. matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and timedependent \nmulti-ref. perturbation theory. This approach has a no. of important advantages:. 1) It is equiv. to fully uncontracted perturbation theory, but has a lower computational scaling than the contracted approaches;. 2) It avoids computation of the three- and four-particle reduced d. matrixes;. 3) It has a polynomial scaling with the no. of active orbitals and can be applied to active spaces with much more than 24 orbitals. In my talk, I will present a brief overview of multi-ref. time-dependent perturbation theory, discuss its implementation in combination with DMRG, and demonstrate its performance for strongly correlated systems with large active spaces.

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A projected approximation to strongly contracted N-electron valence perturbation theory for DMRG wavefunctions

Michael Roemelt, Sheng Guo, Garnet Kin‐Lic Chan

A novel approach to strongly contracted N-electron valence perturbation theory (SC-NEVPT2) as a means of describing dynamic electron correlation for quantum chemical density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations is presented. In this approach the strongly contracted perturber functions are projected onto a renormalized Hilbert space. Compared to a straightforward implementation of SC-NEVPT2 with DMRG wavefunctions, the computational scaling and storage requirements are reduced. This favorable scaling opens up the possibility of calculations with larger active spaces. A specially designed renormalization scheme ensures that both the electronic ground state and the perturber functions are well represented in the renormalized Hilbert space. Test calculations on the N2 and [Cu2O2(en)2](2+) demonstrate some key properties of the method and indicate its capabilities.

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We present two efficient and intruder-free methods for treating dynamic correlation on top of general multiconfiguration reference wave functions — including such as obtained by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) with large active spaces. The new methods are the second order variant of the recently proposed multireference linearized coupled cluster method (MRLCC) [Sharma, S.; Alavi, A. J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 143, 102815] and of N-electron valence perturbation theory (NEVPT2), with expected accuracies similar to MRCI+Q and (at least) CASPT2, respectively. Great efficiency gains are realized by representing the first order wave function with a combination of internal contraction (IC) and matrix product state perturbation theory (MPSPT). With this combination, only third order reduced density matrices (RDMs) are required. Thus, we obviate the need for calculating (or estimating) RDMs of fourth or higher order; these had so far posed a severe bottleneck for dynamic correlation treatments involving the large active spaces accessible to DMRG. Using several benchmark systems, including first and second row containing small molecules, Cr 2, pentacene, and oxo-Mn(Salen), we show that active spaces containing at least 30 orbitals can be treated using this method. On a single node, MRLCC2 and NEVPT2 calculations can be performed with over 550 and 1100 virtual orbitals, respectively. We also critically examine the errors incurred due to the three sources of errors introduced in the present implementation – calculating second order instead of third order energy corrections, use of internal contraction, and approximations made in the reference wave function due to DMRG.

arXiv:1609.03496•Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation•Jan 7, 2017•67 citations

Approximations of density matrices in N-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (NEVPT2). III. Large active space calculations with selected configuration interaction reference

Yang Guo, Kantharuban Sivalingam, Vijay Gopal Chilkuri +1 more

In multi-reference (MR) methods, addressing systems with large active spaces remains a challenge in the field. In Papers I and II of this series, we demonstrated that full rank N-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (FR-NEVPT2) is a robust MR perturbation theory capable of computing strongly correlated systems with approximate density matrices. However, the previous FR-NEVPT2 implementation requires the computation and storage of fifth-order reduced density matrices (RDMs), limiting the usage of FR-NEVPT2 for systems with large active spaces. In the present work, as Paper III of the series, we report a new FR-NEVPT2 algorithm to handle systems with large active spaces. In the new algorithm, an approximate complete active space (CAS) self-consistent field (SCF) method, iterative configuration expansion (ICE) SCF, is employed to compute the reference wave functions for FR-NEVPT2. Then, the necessary Koopmans matrices of FR-NEVPT2 involving various RDMs are constructed using the intermediates designed by Kollmar et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 155, 234104 (2021)] to avoid storage bottlenecks. The performance of the new FR-NEVPT2 algorithm for systems with large active spaces is evaluated. Our results show that even with aggressive truncation parameters to truncate the ICE-SCF reference wave function, FR-NEVPT2 effectively recovers the missing static correlations of ICE-SCF. Several interesting systems with active spaces up to CAS(34,34) are studied using FR-NEVPT2 with ICE-SCF reference.

The Journal of Chemical Physics•Apr 11, 2025•7 citations
In earlier work [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 064102 (2016)], we introduced a time-dependent formulation of the second-order N-electron valence perturbation theory (t-NEVPT2) which (i) had a lower computational scaling than the usual internally-contracted perturbation formulation, and (ii) yielded the fully uncontracted NEVPT2 energy. Here, we present a combination of t-NEVPT2 with a matrix product state (MPS) reference wavefunction (t-MPS-NEVPT2) that allows to compute uncontracted dynamic correlation energies for large active spaces and basis sets, using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (td-DMRG) algorithm. In addition, we report a low-scaling MPS-based implementation of strongly-contracted NEVPT2 (sc-MPS-NEVPT2) that avoids computation of the four-particle reduced density matrix. We use these new methods to compute the dissociation energy of the chromium dimer and to study the low-lying excited states in all-trans polyenes (C_4H_6 to C_(24)H_(26)), incorporating dynamic correlation for reference wavefunctions with up to 24 active electrons and orbitals.
In earlier work [A. Y. Sokolov and G. K.-L. Chan, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 064102 (2016)], we introduced a time-dependent formulation of the second-order N-electron valence perturbation theory (t-NEVPT2) which (i) had a lower computational scaling than the usual internally contracted perturbation formulation and (ii) yielded the fully uncontracted NEVPT2 energy. Here, we present a combination of t-NEVPT2 with a matrix product state (MPS) reference wavefunction (t-MPS-NEVPT2) that allows us to compute uncontracted dynamic correlation energies for large active spaces and basis sets, using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group algorithm. In addition, we report a low-scaling MPS-based implementation of strongly contracted NEVPT2 (sc-MPS-NEVPT2) that avoids computation of the four-particle reduced density matrix. We use these new methods to compute the dissociation energy of the chromium dimer and to study the low-lying excited states in all-trans polyenes (C4H6 to C24H26), incorporating dynamic correlation for reference wavefunctions with up to 24 active electrons and orbitals.
The strongly contracted variant of second-order N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) is an efficient perturbative method to treat dynamic correlation without the problems of intruder states or level shifts, while the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) provides the capability to address static correlation in large active spaces. We present a combination of the DMRG and strongly contracted NEVPT2 (DMRG-SC-NEVPT2) that uses an efficient algorithm to compute high-order reduced-density matrices from DMRG wave functions. The capabilities of DMRG-SC-NEVPT2 are demonstrated on calculations of the chromium dimer potential energy curve at the basis set limit, and the excitation energies of a trimer model of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV(n = 3)).
In the recent years there has been a remarkable progress in the development of methods for the description of strong electron correlation in mols. There are now many methods that describe strong correlation in active spaces with up to 60 orbitals. However, capturing the remaining weak (dynamic) correlation outside of the active space remains a challenge. Conventional multi-ref. methods for dynamic correlation (such as internally-contracted perturbation theory, e.g. CASPT2 or NEVPT2) require computation of up to fourth-order reduced d. matrixes, which prohibits their application to systems with active spaces with more than 24 \norbitals. In this talk I will describe a new method which provides an efficient description of static and dynamic \nelectron correlation by combining the formalism of d. matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and timedependent \nmulti-ref. perturbation theory. This approach has a no. of important advantages:. 1) It is equiv. to fully uncontracted perturbation theory, but has a lower computational scaling than the contracted approaches;. 2) It avoids computation of the three- and four-particle reduced d. matrixes;. 3) It has a polynomial scaling with the no. of active orbitals and can be applied to active spaces with much more than 24 orbitals. In my talk, I will present a brief overview of multi-ref. time-dependent perturbation theory, discuss its implementation in combination with DMRG, and demonstrate its performance for strongly correlated systems with large active spaces.
A novel approach to strongly contracted N-electron valence perturbation theory (SC-NEVPT2) as a means of describing dynamic electron correlation for quantum chemical density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations is presented. In this approach the strongly contracted perturber functions are projected onto a renormalized Hilbert space. Compared to a straightforward implementation of SC-NEVPT2 with DMRG wavefunctions, the computational scaling and storage requirements are reduced. This favorable scaling opens up the possibility of calculations with larger active spaces. A specially designed renormalization scheme ensures that both the electronic ground state and the perturber functions are well represented in the renormalized Hilbert space. Test calculations on the N2 and [Cu2O2(en)2](2+) demonstrate some key properties of the method and indicate its capabilities.
We present two efficient and intruder-free methods for treating dynamic correlation on top of general multiconfiguration reference wave functions — including such as obtained by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) with large active spaces. The new methods are the second order variant of the recently proposed multireference linearized coupled cluster method (MRLCC) [Sharma, S.; Alavi, A. J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 143, 102815] and of N-electron valence perturbation theory (NEVPT2), with expected accuracies similar to MRCI+Q and (at least) CASPT2, respectively. Great efficiency gains are realized by representing the first order wave function with a combination of internal contraction (IC) and matrix product state perturbation theory (MPSPT). With this combination, only third order reduced density matrices (RDMs) are required. Thus, we obviate the need for calculating (or estimating) RDMs of fourth or higher order; these had so far posed a severe bottleneck for dynamic correlation treatments involving the large active spaces accessible to DMRG. Using several benchmark systems, including first and second row containing small molecules, Cr 2, pentacene, and oxo-Mn(Salen), we show that active spaces containing at least 30 orbitals can be treated using this method. On a single node, MRLCC2 and NEVPT2 calculations can be performed with over 550 and 1100 virtual orbitals, respectively. We also critically examine the errors incurred due to the three sources of errors introduced in the present implementation – calculating second order instead of third order energy corrections, use of internal contraction, and approximations made in the reference wave function due to DMRG.
In multi-reference (MR) methods, addressing systems with large active spaces remains a challenge in the field. In Papers I and II of this series, we demonstrated that full rank N-electron valence state second-order perturbation theory (FR-NEVPT2) is a robust MR perturbation theory capable of computing strongly correlated systems with approximate density matrices. However, the previous FR-NEVPT2 implementation requires the computation and storage of fifth-order reduced density matrices (RDMs), limiting the usage of FR-NEVPT2 for systems with large active spaces. In the present work, as Paper III of the series, we report a new FR-NEVPT2 algorithm to handle systems with large active spaces. In the new algorithm, an approximate complete active space (CAS) self-consistent field (SCF) method, iterative configuration expansion (ICE) SCF, is employed to compute the reference wave functions for FR-NEVPT2. Then, the necessary Koopmans matrices of FR-NEVPT2 involving various RDMs are constructed using the intermediates designed by Kollmar et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 155, 234104 (2021)] to avoid storage bottlenecks. The performance of the new FR-NEVPT2 algorithm for systems with large active spaces is evaluated. Our results show that even with aggressive truncation parameters to truncate the ICE-SCF reference wave function, FR-NEVPT2 effectively recovers the missing static correlations of ICE-SCF. Several interesting systems with active spaces up to CAS(34,34) are studied using FR-NEVPT2 with ICE-SCF reference.