Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics

Transmission of light in metallic nano-hole structures

Mahi R Singh M Najiminaini Shankar Balakrishnan, Jeffrey J. L. Carson

Published Aug 5, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We discuss a role of polarization of light in classical and quantum channels in the case of optical communications. The signal/noise ratio of the channel can be improved by the implementation of polarization of light for classical and quantum communication. In the case of fiber optics channels the direction of polarization of light may change. It is distorting the transmitted information and creates technical problems in decoding the signal.

Related papers

Enabling quantum communications through accurate photons polarization control

Álvaro J. Almeida, Nelson Jesus Muga, Nuno A. Silva +5 more

The rapid increase on the information sharing around the world, leads to an utmost requirement for capacity and bandwidth. However, the need for security in the transmission and storage of information is also of major importance. The use of quantum technologies provides a practical solution for secure communications systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD) was the first practical application of quantum mechanics, and nowadays it is the most developed one. In order to share secret keys between two parties can be used several methods of encoding. Due to its simplicity, the encoding into polarization is one of the most used. However, when we use optical fibers as transmission channels, the polarization suffers random rotations that may change the state of polarization (SOP) of the light initially sent to the fiber to a new one at the output. Thus, in order to enable real-time communication using this encoding method it is required the use of a dynamic control system. We describe a scheme of transmission of quantum information, which is based in the polarization encoding, and that allows to share secret keys through optical fibers without interruption. The dynamic polarization control system used in such scheme is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Their advantages and limitations for the use in quantum communications are presented and discussed.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 18, 2013•6 citations

Stable polarization coded quantum communication through single mode optical fibers

GUILHERME BARRETO XAVIER, G. Vilela de Faria, Guilherme P. Temporão +3 more

We perform a transmission of polarization encoded quantum bits through 16 km of single mode optical fiber in the 1550 nm window.The polarization drift caused by the changing birefringence of the fiber is kept stable through the use of a polarization control system we developed.This system employs 2 classical reference signals with 0.8 nm spacing from the quantum channel.We also send through the same fiber an extra reference classical signal used to trigger the single-photon detector.To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a quantum channel is multiplexed with 3 classical signals in the same optical fiber.

Anais de XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Engineering quantum communication systems

Armando N. Pinto, Álvaro J. Almeida, Nuno A. Silva +2 more

Quantum communications can provide almost perfect security through the use of quantum laws to detect any possible leak of information. We discuss critical issues in the implementation of quantum communication systems over installed optical fibers. We use stimulated four-wave mixing to generate single photons inside optical fibers, and by tuning the separation between the pump and the signal we adjust the average number of photons per pulse. We report measurements of the source statistics and show that it goes from a thermal to Poisson distribution with the increase of the pump power. We generate entangled photons pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing. We report results for different type of fibers to approach the maximum value of the Bell inequality. We model the impact of polarization rotation, attenuation and Raman scattering and present optimum configurations to increase the degree of entanglement. We encode information in the photons polarization and assess the use of wavelength and time division multiplexing based control systems to compensate for the random rotation of the polarization during transmission. We show that time division multiplexing systems provide a more robust solution considering the values of PMD of nowadays installed fibers. We evaluate the impact on the quantum channel of co-propagating classical channels, and present guidelines for adding quantum channels to installed WDM optical communication systems without strongly penalizing the performance of the quantum channel. We discuss the process of retrieving information from the photons polarization. We identify the major impairments that limit the speed and distance of the quantum channel. Finally, we model theoretically the QBER and present results of an experimental performance assessment of the system quality through QBER measurements.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 10, 2012•0 citations

Overcoming quantum noise in optical fibers

Lian-Ao Wu, Daniel A. Lidar

Noise in optical telecommunication fibers is an important limitation on optical quantum data transmission. Unfortunately, the classically successful amplifiers cannot be used in quantum communication because of the no-cloning theorem. We propose a simple method to reduce quantum noise: the insertion of phase shifters and/or beam splitters at regular distance intervals into a fiber. We analyze in detail the case of qubits encoded into polarization states of low-intensity light, which is of central importance to various quantum information tasks, such as quantum cryptography and communication. We discuss the experimental feasibility of our scheme and propose a simple experiment to test our method.

arXiv:quant-ph/0307178•Physical Review A•Dec 10, 2004•26 citations

Effect of noise in quantum communications

Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos

New methods in optical communications rely on the quantum properties of photons to assure link security and data privacy. However, optical quantum communications make several assumptions, among them that the quantum properties of photons are preserved over many-kilometer long continuous fiber, which additionally is free from absorbing and scattering centers. In this paper we review quantum communication methods based on photon polarization, single and entangled, and we investigate the impact of noise sources on quantum signal propagation.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 7, 2007•3 citations

Quantum Communication-Based Image Transmission With Transmit and Receive Diversity in MIMO Communication Systems

Udara Jayasinghe, Thanuj Fernando, Yasith Ganearachchi +2 more

Quantum communication systems have the potential to revolutionize media transmission technologies with unparalleled efficiency and reliability. However, practical and scalable implementations are challenged by issues such as channel fading and interference. To address these, we propose a novel approach combining quantum superposition with transmit and receive diversity schemes in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, designed to mitigate the effects of fading for enhanced image transmission. In our simulations, images in JPEG and HEIF formats are channel encoded with rate 1/2 polar coding, converted into qubit superposition states, and transmitted through a 2x2 MIMO system with varied diversity schemes. At the receiver, a quantum decoder reconstructs the classical information, followed by polar decoding to retrieve the original image data. Our approach achieves notable improvements in image quality, with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) up to 58.27 dB for JPEG and 64.72 dB for HEIF, and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) up to 0.9994 for JPEG and 0.9999 for HEIF, outperforming classical systems, especially under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, demonstrating the system’s enhanced ability to maintain image quality in noisy channels. These findings highlight the promise of quantum superposition-based media transmission to set new standards in reliable, high-fidelity communication for next-generation systems.

IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics•Apr 10, 2025•13 citations
We discuss a role of polarization of light in classical and quantum channels in the case of optical communications. The signal/noise ratio of the channel can be improved by the implementation of polarization of light for classical and quantum communication. In the case of fiber optics channels the direction of polarization of light may change. It is distorting the transmitted information and creates technical problems in decoding the signal.
The rapid increase on the information sharing around the world, leads to an utmost requirement for capacity and bandwidth. However, the need for security in the transmission and storage of information is also of major importance. The use of quantum technologies provides a practical solution for secure communications systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD) was the first practical application of quantum mechanics, and nowadays it is the most developed one. In order to share secret keys between two parties can be used several methods of encoding. Due to its simplicity, the encoding into polarization is one of the most used. However, when we use optical fibers as transmission channels, the polarization suffers random rotations that may change the state of polarization (SOP) of the light initially sent to the fiber to a new one at the output. Thus, in order to enable real-time communication using this encoding method it is required the use of a dynamic control system. We describe a scheme of transmission of quantum information, which is based in the polarization encoding, and that allows to share secret keys through optical fibers without interruption. The dynamic polarization control system used in such scheme is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Their advantages and limitations for the use in quantum communications are presented and discussed.
We perform a transmission of polarization encoded quantum bits through 16 km of single mode optical fiber in the 1550 nm window.The polarization drift caused by the changing birefringence of the fiber is kept stable through the use of a polarization control system we developed.This system employs 2 classical reference signals with 0.8 nm spacing from the quantum channel.We also send through the same fiber an extra reference classical signal used to trigger the single-photon detector.To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a quantum channel is multiplexed with 3 classical signals in the same optical fiber.
Quantum communications can provide almost perfect security through the use of quantum laws to detect any possible leak of information. We discuss critical issues in the implementation of quantum communication systems over installed optical fibers. We use stimulated four-wave mixing to generate single photons inside optical fibers, and by tuning the separation between the pump and the signal we adjust the average number of photons per pulse. We report measurements of the source statistics and show that it goes from a thermal to Poisson distribution with the increase of the pump power. We generate entangled photons pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing. We report results for different type of fibers to approach the maximum value of the Bell inequality. We model the impact of polarization rotation, attenuation and Raman scattering and present optimum configurations to increase the degree of entanglement. We encode information in the photons polarization and assess the use of wavelength and time division multiplexing based control systems to compensate for the random rotation of the polarization during transmission. We show that time division multiplexing systems provide a more robust solution considering the values of PMD of nowadays installed fibers. We evaluate the impact on the quantum channel of co-propagating classical channels, and present guidelines for adding quantum channels to installed WDM optical communication systems without strongly penalizing the performance of the quantum channel. We discuss the process of retrieving information from the photons polarization. We identify the major impairments that limit the speed and distance of the quantum channel. Finally, we model theoretically the QBER and present results of an experimental performance assessment of the system quality through QBER measurements.
Noise in optical telecommunication fibers is an important limitation on optical quantum data transmission. Unfortunately, the classically successful amplifiers cannot be used in quantum communication because of the no-cloning theorem. We propose a simple method to reduce quantum noise: the insertion of phase shifters and/or beam splitters at regular distance intervals into a fiber. We analyze in detail the case of qubits encoded into polarization states of low-intensity light, which is of central importance to various quantum information tasks, such as quantum cryptography and communication. We discuss the experimental feasibility of our scheme and propose a simple experiment to test our method.
New methods in optical communications rely on the quantum properties of photons to assure link security and data privacy. However, optical quantum communications make several assumptions, among them that the quantum properties of photons are preserved over many-kilometer long continuous fiber, which additionally is free from absorbing and scattering centers. In this paper we review quantum communication methods based on photon polarization, single and entangled, and we investigate the impact of noise sources on quantum signal propagation.
Quantum communication systems have the potential to revolutionize media transmission technologies with unparalleled efficiency and reliability. However, practical and scalable implementations are challenged by issues such as channel fading and interference. To address these, we propose a novel approach combining quantum superposition with transmit and receive diversity schemes in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, designed to mitigate the effects of fading for enhanced image transmission. In our simulations, images in JPEG and HEIF formats are channel encoded with rate 1/2 polar coding, converted into qubit superposition states, and transmitted through a 2x2 MIMO system with varied diversity schemes. At the receiver, a quantum decoder reconstructs the classical information, followed by polar decoding to retrieve the original image data. Our approach achieves notable improvements in image quality, with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) up to 58.27 dB for JPEG and 64.72 dB for HEIF, and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) up to 0.9994 for JPEG and 0.9999 for HEIF, outperforming classical systems, especially under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, demonstrating the system’s enhanced ability to maintain image quality in noisy channels. These findings highlight the promise of quantum superposition-based media transmission to set new standards in reliable, high-fidelity communication for next-generation systems.