I analyze the quadrupole excitation of a single atom, trapped at the center of a tightly focused Laguerre Gaussian beam, considering the interplay between spin and orbital angular momenta in the focused field .

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Direct observation of the optical Magnus effect with a trapped ion

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Effect of atomic diffusion on spin noise spectroscopy with a tightly focused beam

Vito Giovanni Lucivero, Nathaniel David McDonough, Nezih Dural, Michael V. Romalis

Published Jun 7, 2017• 0 citations

OpenAlex

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Correlation function of spin noise due to atomic diffusion

Vito Giovanni Lucivero, Nathaniel David McDonough, Nezih Dural +1 more

We use paramagnetic Faraday rotation to study spin noise spectrum from unpolarized Rb vapor in a tightly focused probe beam in the presence of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ buffer gas. We derive an analytical form for the diffusion component of the spin noise time-correlation function in a Gaussian probe beam. We also obtain analytical forms for the frequency spectrum of the spin noise in the limit of a tightly focused or a collimated Gaussian beam in the presence of diffusion. In particular, we find that in a tightly focused probe beam the spectral line shape can be independent of the buffer gas pressure. Experimentally, we find good agreement between the calculated and the measured spin noise spectra for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ gas pressures ranging from 56 to 820 Torr.We use paramagnetic Faraday rotation to study spin noise spectrum from unpolarized Rb vapor in a tightly focused probe beam in the presence of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ buffer gas. We derive an analytical form for the diffusion component of the spin noise time-correlation function in a Gaussian probe beam. We also obtain analytical forms for the frequency spectrum of the spin noise in the limit of a tightly focused or a collimated Gaussian beam in the presence of diffusion. In particular, we find that in a tightly focused probe beam the spectral line shape can be independent of the buffer gas pressure. Experimentally, we find good agreement between the calculated and the measured spin noise spectra for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ gas pressures ranging from 56 to 820 Torr.

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Spin correlations in recirculating multipass alkali cells for advancing quantum magnetometry

Qian Ling Kee, Lingyi Zhao, Ruvi Lecamwasam +6 more

• Recirculating multipass cell enables improved beam coverage and active volume. • Analytical model predicts beam distribution and astigmatism effects. • General framework developed for spin noise in multipass alkali cells. • Beam geometry shown to influence spin diffusion noise. • Recirculating design demonstrates reduced spin noise under optimized conditions. Multipass cells enable long optical path lengths in compact volumes and are central to quantum technologies such as atomic magnetometers and optical quantum memories. In optical magnetometry, multipass geometries enhance sensitivity by increasing optical depth, reducing photon shot noise, and enabling quantum non-demolition detection. However, in conventional cylindrical multipass cells, Lissajous beam trajectories lead to repeated revisiting and incomplete mirror coverage, limiting effective volume utilization. Here we present a recirculating multipass alkali cell that overcomes these limitations by increasing the active-to-cell volume ratio and minimizing beam spot overlap. We develop an analytical ABCD-matrix model to predict beam trajectories, spot sizes, and astigmatism, validated by Zemax simulations. We further introduce a general analytical framework for spin correlation noise that incorporates astigmatism and spatial intensity distributions. By deriving the spin-noise time-correlation function and spectrum, we show how beam intensity profiles influence spin diffusion noise. Our results demonstrate improved beam coverage, reduced spot overlap, and enhanced spin correlation, particularly for concave mirrors with long focal lengths, while showing that avoiding tightly-focused regions significantly suppresses spin diffusion noise. These findings establish recirculating multipass cells as a practical, high-performance platform for precision atomic sensing and other multipass-cavity-based quantum devices.• Recirculating multipass cell enables improved beam coverage and active volume. • Analytical model predicts beam distribution and astigmatism effects. • General framework developed for spin noise in multipass alkali cells. • Beam geometry shown to influence spin diffusion noise. • Recirculating design demonstrates reduced spin noise under optimized conditions. Multipass cells enable long optical path lengths in compact volumes and are central to quantum technologies such as atomic magnetometers and optical quantum memories. In optical magnetometry, multipass geometries enhance sensitivity by increasing optical depth, reducing photon shot noise, and enabling quantum non-demolition detection. However, in conventional cylindrical multipass cells, Lissajous beam trajectories lead to repeated revisiting and incomplete mirror coverage, limiting effective volume utilization. Here we present a recirculating multipass alkali cell that overcomes these limitations by increasing the active-to-cell volume ratio and minimizing beam spot overlap. We develop an analytical ABCD-matrix model to predict beam trajectories, spot sizes, and astigmatism, validated by Zemax simulations. We further introduce a general analytical framework for spin correlation noise that incorporates astigmatism and spatial intensity distributions. By deriving the spin-noise time-correlation function and spectrum, we show how beam intensity profiles influence spin diffusion noise. Our results demonstrate improved beam coverage, reduced spot overlap, and enhanced spin correlation, particularly for concave mirrors with long focal lengths, while showing that avoiding tightly-focused regions significantly suppresses spin diffusion noise. These findings establish recirculating multipass cells as a practical, high-performance platform for precision atomic sensing and other multipass-cavity-based quantum devices.

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Direct observation of the optical Magnus effect with a trapped ion

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We directly observe and spatially map an optical analog of the Magnus effect, where intrinsic spin-orbit-like coupling of light generates a spin-dependent transverse displacement of the atom-light interaction profile for a $^{40}$ Ca $^+$ ion. Probed on a quadrupole transition using a tightly focused beam, we observe displacements of the maximum in the profile of the effective interaction by several 100 nm originating from intrinsic longitudinal electric field components beyond the paraxial approximation. The tight focus of the beam induces additional transverse polarization gradients, which we characterize through a phase-sensitive measurement and spatial maps for different beam configurations. The results establish the physical basis of polarization-gradient interactions relevant to optical tweezer-based quantum control.We directly observe and spatially map an optical analog of the Magnus effect, where intrinsic spin-orbit-like coupling of light generates a spin-dependent transverse displacement of the atom-light interaction profile for a $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion. Probed on a quadrupole transition using a tightly focused beam, we observe displacements of the maximum in the profile of the effective interaction by several 100 nm originating from intrinsic longitudinal electric field components beyond the paraxial approximation. The tight focus of the beam induces additional transverse polarization gradients, which we characterize through a phase-sensitive measurement and spatial maps for different beam configurations. The results establish the physical basis of polarization-gradient interactions relevant to optical tweezer-based quantum control.

physics.atom-phCross-listedarXiv:2601.22981Physical Review LettersFeb 2, 20260 citations

We use paramagnetic Faraday rotation to study spin noise spectrum from unpolarized Rb vapor in a tightly focused probe beam in the presence of

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

buffer gas. We derive an analytical form for the diffusion component of the spin noise time-correlation function in a Gaussian probe beam. We also obtain analytical forms for the frequency spectrum of the spin noise in the limit of a tightly focused or a collimated Gaussian beam in the presence of diffusion. In particular, we find that in a tightly focused probe beam the spectral line shape can be independent of the buffer gas pressure. Experimentally, we find good agreement between the calculated and the measured spin noise spectra for

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

gas pressures ranging from 56 to 820 Torr.

^{40}

^+

ion. Probed on a quadrupole transition using a tightly focused beam, we observe displacements of the maximum in the profile of the effective interaction by several 100 nm originating from intrinsic longitudinal electric field components beyond the paraxial approximation. The tight focus of the beam induces additional transverse polarization gradients, which we characterize through a phase-sensitive measurement and spatial maps for different beam configurations. The results establish the physical basis of polarization-gradient interactions relevant to optical tweezer-based quantum control.