Quantum Optics with Superconducting Circuits and Hybrid Systems

Roson Nongthombam, Urmimala Dewan, Amarendra K. Sarma

Superconducting qubits, realized by incorporating Josephson junctions into superconducting circuits, behave as artificial atoms with anharmonic energy spectra and can be precisely controlled and measured using microwave cavities within the framework of circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Since its emergence in the early 2000s, cQED has established superconducting qubits as leading candidates for scalable quantum devices and has enabled the exploration of hybrid quantum systems that integrate disparate physical platformsThis review surveys superconducting hybrid quantum electromechanical systems in which mechanical resonators are coupled to superconducting qubits, with a focus on two widely used qubit platforms: the transmon and the fluxonium. We provide an overview of the underlying coupling mechanisms arising from interactions through the phase and charge degrees of freedom of the qubit, and discuss how these mechanisms give rise to both longitudinal and transverse qubit-mechanical interactions. We further review extensions of electromechanical platforms to electro-optomechanical architectures, in which optical cavities are integrated to enable coherent interfacing between superconducting circuits and optical photons. This review aims to present a unified framework and perspective on qubit-mechanical and qubit-mechanical-optical hybrid systems in superconducting quantum technologies and applications related to sensors.

Barry C. Sanders, Dmitry N. Chigrin

Andrew Houck

Yasunobu Nakamura

Those successful demonstrations of manipulating and detecting the quantum states of microwave photons indicate that superconducting quantum circuits will also be versatile tools in interfacing quantum information between different quantum systems in the microwave domain. Hybrid systems combining superconducting quantum circuits with spin ensembles as well as nanoelectromechanical systems have demonstrated coherent coupling in between [14-18]. Furthermore, quantum interface between microwave and optical photons based on those hybrid constructions are currently investigated [19-21].

Neereja Sundaresan

Ze-Liang Xiang, Sahel Ashhab, J. Q. You +1 more

Hybrid quantum circuits combine two or more physical systems, with the goal of harnessing the advantages and strengths of the different systems in order to better explore new phenomena and potentially bring about novel quantum technologies. This article presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in the field of hybrid circuits involving atoms, spins, and solid-state devices (including superconducting and nanomechanical systems). How these circuits combine elements from atomic physics, quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and nanoscience is discussed, and different possible approaches for integrating various systems into a single circuit are presented. In particular, hybrid quantum circuits can be fabricated on a chip, facilitating their future scalability, which is crucial for building future quantum technologies, including quantum detectors, simulators, and computers.