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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Atomic spin orbit coupling synthesized with gradient magnetic fields

Xinyu Luo, Ling-Na Wu, Ruquan Wang, Li You

Published Sep 7, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Spin orbit coupling (SOC) for neutral atoms can be synthesized with pulsed or time modulating gradient magnetic field (GMF). This is confirmed through the studies of collective dipole oscillations for a spin-1 atomic condensate in a harmonic trap after abruptly turning on SOC and adiabatically adjusted equilibrium states when SOC strength is slowly ramped up. Further measurements reveal that SOC can be enhanced when the GMF modulation frequency approaches harmonic trap frequency. Additionally, we discuss how the technique of pulsed GMF can be used to synthesize space-period magnetic fields, or magnetic lattices.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/635/1/012013

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Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays an essential role in many exotic and interesting phenomena in condensed matter physics. In neutral-atom-based quantum simulations, synthetic SOC constitutes a key enabling element. The strength of SOC realized so far is limited by various reasons or constraints. This work reports tunable SOC synthesized with a gradient magnetic field (GMF) for atoms in a harmonic trap. Nearly ten-fold enhancement is observed when the GMF is modulated near the harmonic-trap resonance in comparison with the free-space situation. A theory is developed that well explains the experimental results. Our work offers a clear physical insight into and analytical understanding of how to tune the strength of atomic SOC synthesized with GMF using harmonic trap resonance.
We discuss a general scheme for creating atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) such as the Rashba or Dresselhaus types using magnetic-field-gradient pulses. In contrast to conventional schemes based on adiabatic center-of-mass motion with atomic internal states restricted to a dressed-state subspace, our scheme works for the complete subspace of a hyperfine-spin manifold by utilizing the coupling between the atomic magnetic moment and external magnetic fields. A space-dependent pulsed magnetic field acts as an internal-state-dependent impulse, thereby coupling the atomic internal spin with its orbital center-of-mass motion, as in the Einstein--de Haas effect. This effective coupling can be dynamically manipulated to synthesize SOC of any type (Rashba, Dresselhaus, or any linear combination thereof). Our scheme can be realized with most experimental setups of ultracold atoms and is especially suited for atoms with zero nuclear spins.
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We present a general scheme for synthesizing a spatially periodic magnetic field, or a magnetic lattice (ML), for ultracold atoms using pulsed gradient magnetic field (GMF). Our scheme is immune to atomic spontaneous emission often encountered in optical lattices, and has the additional benefits of easy tunability for both the lattice period and depth. Technical requirements for the experimental protocol implementing our scheme is estimated and shown to be readily available in today's cold atom laboratories. The effective Hamiltonian for atoms interacting with the synthesized two-dimensional ML has not been studied in quantum condensed matter physics previously. Its band structure shows interesting features reminiscent of lattice models in p-orbit physics. Realization of our proposal will significantly expand the repertoire for quantum simulation with ultracold atoms.