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Physics Bulletin

Superposition and Interaction

A. J. Leggett

Published Oct 1, 1981• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Richard Schlegel 1981 London: University of Chicago Press viii + 302 pp price £13.50 This is not a textbook but a fairly ambitious attempt to reinterpret part of the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics, with some comments on the implications of this for more general philosophical issues. The two main innovations are: (a) the ‘interaction hypothesis’ – moving clocks do not physically run slow, but the well-known time dilation effects observed in (e.g.) muon decay are due to the interaction of the decay products with measuring instruments moving with respect to them; (b) the ‘restricted superposition hypothesis’ – only those states can enter a quantum-mechanical superposition that are related by a certain restricted set of symmetry operations.

DOI
10.1088/0031-9112/32/10/028

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Richard Schlegel 1981 London: University of Chicago Press viii + 302 pp price £13.50 This is not a textbook but a fairly ambitious attempt to reinterpret part of the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics, with some comments on the implications of this for more general philosophical issues. The two main innovations are: (a) the ‘interaction hypothesis’ – moving clocks do not physically run slow, but the well-known time dilation effects observed in (e.g.) muon decay are due to the interaction of the decay products with measuring instruments moving with respect to them; (b) the ‘restricted superposition hypothesis’ – only those states can enter a quantum-mechanical superposition that are related by a certain restricted set of symmetry operations.
This book is an attempt to build a consistent relativistic quantum theory of interacting particles. In the first part of the book "Quantum electrodynamics" we follow rather traditional approach to particle physics. Our discussion proceeds systematically from the principle of relativity and postulates of quantum measurements to the renormalization in quantum electrodynamics. In the second part of the book "Quantum theory of particles" this traditional approach is reexamined. We find that formulas of special relativity should be modified to take into account particle interactions. We also suggest reinterpreting quantum field theory in the language of physical "dressed" particles. This formulation eliminates the need for renormalization and opens up a new way for studying dynamical and bound state properties of quantum interacting systems. The developed theory is applied to realistic physical objects and processes including the energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom, the decay law of moving unstable particles, and the electric field of relativistic electron beams. These results force us to take a fresh look at some core issues of modern particle theories, in particular, the Minkowski space-time unification, the role of quantum fields and renormalization as well as the alleged impossibility of action-at-a-distance. A new perspective on these issues is suggested. It can help to solve the old problem of theoretical physics -- a consistent unification of relativity and quantum mechanics.
Recent developments in quantum theory have focused attention on fundamental questions, in particular on whether it might be necessary to modify quantum mechanics to reconcile quantum gravity and general relativity. This book is based on a conference held in Oxford in the spring of 1984 to discuss quantum gravity. It brings together contributors who examine different aspects of the problem, including the experimental support for quantum mechanics, its strange and apparently paradoxical features, its underlying philosophy, and possible modifications to the theory.
Abstract In this section, we review the concepts of classical and quantum superposition. Quantum superposition is the framework for understanding all quantum phenomena. As we do not observe quantum phenomena in our everyday lives, it may seem confusing at first. However, as unintuitive as the quantum world may appear, there are a vast number of experiments which conclusively show that the universe really does operate according to the law of quantum superposition at the smallest distances accessible today. Before going into specific details on quantum superposition, it is useful to explain how the term “superposition” is used in different contexts in both classical and quantum physics. At the end of the chapter, we present the related activities and questions. After gaining experience with quantum superposition from working through these problems, it will become more intuitive. The more experience you gain by advancing through this book, the more quantum superposition will make sense.
Hans Reichenbach University of California Press (agents; London: Cambridge University Press) . 1965. Pp. x + 182. Price 12s. 6d. This is a welcome paperback edition of a book which originally appeared in 1944. Its aim is to analyse the new concepts and methods of physical reasoning which have been introduced into atomic physics as the result mainly of Schrodinger's proof of the physical equivalence of wave and quantum mechanics, of Born's probability interpretation of the wave equation, of Heisenberg's interpretationof the principle of indeterminacy and of Bohr's principle of complementarity.