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AIP conference proceedings

Hyperfine structure and zero field quantum beats

P. J. O. Teubner

Published Jan 1, 1982• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The consequences of zero field quantum beat studies in electron impact to the measurement of scattering parameters in electron sodium collision is explored. The beats in sodium, which were first observed in an electron photon coincidence experiment, arise from the decay of coherently excited hyperfine levels in the J=3/2 level of the 32P state.

DOI
10.1063/1.33586

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Optics Letters•Jul 1, 1993•2 citations
The consequences of zero field quantum beat studies in electron impact to the measurement of scattering parameters in electron sodium collision is explored. The beats in sodium, which were first observed in an electron photon coincidence experiment, arise from the decay of coherently excited hyperfine levels in the J=3/2 level of the 32P state.
We report the first observation of zero-field quantum beats in the electron-impact excitation of an atomic state. The effect has been observed in electron-photon coincidence experiments on the 32P3^{2}P32P state in sodium. The beats arise from the influence of the hyperfine structure in the J=32J=\frac{3}{2}J=23​ level of the excited state.
Three techniques are described from which the scattering parameters A and X can be measured in electron-photon coincidence studies of the 32P state of sodium. The relative sensitivity of the angular correlation and polarized photon techniques is discussed for states which have significant hyperfine structure in the excited state. The phenomenon of zero field quantum beats is described in the framework of the electron impact excitation of sodium. It is shown that the amplitude of the beat pattern depends on the parameter it. The use of the beat pattern to determine A is discussed.
Electron-photon angular-correlation parameters are given for the 2P^{2}P2P states of sodium which include both fine and hyperfine effects. These expressions contain interference terms between scattering amplitudes which are only observable in angular-correlation experiments and give rise to zero-field quantum beats in the excitation of the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ state. By neglecting fine structure, partial cross sections for the $^{2}P_{J}(F,{M}_{F})\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}(F=2,{M}_{F}=2)$ excitations are given in terms of direct and exchange-scattering amplitudes.
A theory of electron-impact excitation of atoms in which fine structure is included as a perturbation is presented in detail. Hyperfine structure is included in the target atom but neglected in the electron-atom interaction. Expressions for electron-photon angular-correlation parameters and scattering cross sections are derived in terms of products of complex scattering amplitudes, with emphasis on electron-sodium excitation. Examples are given in which zero-field quantum beats may be observed in electron-photon angular-correlation and differential-cross-section measurements. Some of the interference terms are only observable in angular-correlation experiments. Examples are also given of partial cross sections for electron-impact excitation of state-to-state hyperfine levels in terms of direct- and exchange-scattering amplitudes plus additional terms due to the inclusion of fine-structure effects. The expressions given allow a comparison between the various possible scattering experiments.
A brief review is given on development of electron-photon coincidence studies from electron impact of atoms. The theory of electron-photon correlations is outlined in detail in terms of cross sections of excited atoms and excited state charge clouds. The state of a target atom is determined by the various orientation and alignment parameters and the multipole moments of the excited atom. General considerations, such as coherence effects in impact excitation, the influence of fine and hyperfine structures in correlations are taken into account. The relationship between scattering amplitudes (including their phases) and target parameters is worked out for singlet and doublet transitions.