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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Spin-orbit coupling in the strongly interacting Fermi gas: an exact quantum Monte Carlo study

Peter Rosenberg, Hao Shi, Simone Chiesa, Shiwei Zhang

Published Mar 16, 2016• 0 citations
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The recent experimental realization of spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases provides a unique opportunity to study the interplay between strong interaction and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in a tunable, disorder-free system. We present here precision ab initio numerical results on the two-dimensional, unpolarized, uniform Fermi gas with attractive interactions and Rashba SOC. Using the auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo method and incorporating recent algorithmic advances, we carry out exact calculations on sufficiently large system sizes to provide accurate results systematically as a function of experimental parameters. We obtain the equation of state, the momentum distributions, the pseudospin correlations, and the pair wave functions. Our results help illuminate the rich pairing structure induced by SOC, and provide benchmarks for theory and guidance to future experimental efforts.
Thanks to the recent experimental realization and control of artificial gauge fields, spin-orbit (SO) couplings are witnessing an ever increasing interest in the field of cold atoms. However, predicting their effect on spin polarization and energetic properties of interacting systems is a major challenge, due to the complex interplay between spin and position dynamics. In this work we exploit the diffusion Monte Carlo algorithm to compute energetic and polarization properties of a three-dimensional repulsive Fermi gas in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We find that SO effects tend to contrast the spin alignment induced by the exchange interaction, slightly shifting the onset of the Stoner instability towards larger values of the scattering length. In addition, polarization and energy properties of the system can be tuned trough a combined control of the repulsive interaction and Rashba coupling.
Tan's contact, bridging microscopic features of many-body quantum systems to two-body contact interactions, is pivotal in the description of quantum gases. However, past studies of Tan's contact of the spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases have been exclusively discussed at zero temperature. The thermal effects on that, which cannot be neglected in most experimental conditions, has not been explored so far. Here, through a path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) study, we show that thermal effects fundamentally alter the scaling relation between spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Tan's contact. The linear scaling of Tan's contact with respect to the strength of SOC found at zero temperature is drastically undermined by the thermal effects. And a new mechanism based on the competition between the mean occupancy and the energy-reweighted occupancy of the opposite spin fermion pairs within the interaction range has been unveiled, which radically changes the above linear scaling to a non-monotonic dependence. Our work should be useful for future experiments to explore the preternatural thermal effects on Tan's contact of the strongly interacting spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas.