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International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)

Secrecy capacities of optical CDMA communication systems based on gold codes

Yeteng Tan, Tao Pu, Peng Xiang, Tao Fang, Jilin Zheng, Weijiang Wu, Huatao Zhu

Published Sep 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical CDMA transmission systems can not only increase system capacity, but also achieve physical- layer security against fiber tapping attacks. In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of optical CDMA systems by evaluating the tradeoff between the achieved information capacity and the confidentiality. Moreover, we also evaluate the impacts of key system parameters, such as the number of users M, the number of stages of shift-register r (or code lengths L=2r-1) and the input optical power P, on the secrecy capacity and the interception probability. Our results indicate that key system parameters play an important role in enhancing the secrecy capacities, thus choosing suitable values of these system parameters will be helpful to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems to some degree.

DOI
10.1109/icocn.2016.7875745

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Optical CDMA transmission systems can not only increase system capacity, but also achieve physical- layer security against fiber tapping attacks. In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of optical CDMA systems by evaluating the tradeoff between the achieved information capacity and the confidentiality. Moreover, we also evaluate the impacts of key system parameters, such as the number of users M, the number of stages of shift-register r (or code lengths L=2r-1) and the input optical power P, on the secrecy capacity and the interception probability. Our results indicate that key system parameters play an important role in enhancing the secrecy capacities, thus choosing suitable values of these system parameters will be helpful to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems to some degree.
Optical CDMA transmission systems can not only increase system capacity, but also achieve physical-layer security against fiber tapping attacks. In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of optical CDMA systems by evaluating the trade off between the achieved information capacity and the confidentiality. In particular, we established a wiretap channel model of optical CDMA systems, based on which we have evaluated the impacts of key system parameters, such as the type of code words, the number of users M , the code lengths N and the input optical power P , on the system security. Our results indicate that key system parameters play an important role and choosing suitable values of these system parameters will be helpful to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems to some degree. For example, choosing the code words whose cross-correlation λ values are smaller, increasing the code lengths N or the input optical power P and reducing the number of users M properly can all be used to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems.
Optical CDMA (OCMDA) technology directly encrypts optical transmission links at the physical layer, which can improve the security of communication system against fibre-optic eavesdropping attacks. System parameters will affect the performances of OCDMA systems, based on the wiretap channel model of OCDMA systems, "secrecy capacity" is employed as an indicator to estimate the effects of system parameters (the type of code words, the length of code words) on the security of the systems. Simulation results demonstrate that system parameters play an important role and choosing the code words with better cross-correlation characteristics can improve the security of OCDMA systems.
Secrecy capacity is usually employed as the performance metric of the physical layer security in fiber-optic wiretap channels. However, secrecy capacity can only qualitatively evaluate the physical layer security, and it cannot quantitatively evaluate the physical layer security of an imperfect security system. Furthermore, secrecy capacity cannot quantitatively evaluate the amount of information leakage to the eavesdropper. Based on the channel model of an optical CDMA network using wiretap code, the information leakage rate is analyzed to evaluate the physical layer security. The numerical results show that the information leakage rate can quantitatively evaluate the physical layer security of an optical CDMA wiretap channel, and it is related to transmission distance, eavesdropping position, confidential information rate and optical code.
Space-division multiplexed (SDM) fiber optic transmission systems can not only increase system capacity, but also achieve physical-layer security against fiber tapping attacks. In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) SDM by evaluating the tradeoff between the achievable information rate and the confidentiality for different channel dynamics. In particular, we provide problem formulations for secure communication over these channels and study three types of secrecy capacities: 1) guaranteed capacity; 2) outage capacity; and 3) average capacity, each serving as a performance metric for a coding strategy tailored to a specific type of MIMO-SDM channel. We also assess the impact of key system parameters, such as the number of modes, the mode-dependent loss (MDL), and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), on the various secrecy capacities. Our results indicate that, with a proper design of channel codes that balance information rate and security, an SDM system has the potential of offering confidential data transmission at a rate that could be orders of magnitude higher than what can be achieved through other means of encryption. Moreover, we show that MDL, unavoidably induced by fiber tapping, can allow information-theoretic security even if the SNR of the eavesdropper's receiver is better than that of the legitimate receiver.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical CDMA (O-CDMA) signaling. However, the quality and degree of security enhancement has not been closely examined in the literature. This paper examines the degree and types of security that may be provided by O-CDMA encoding. A quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is presented for O-CDMA encoding techniques that use both time spreading and wavelength hopping. The probability of successful data interception is calculated as a function of several parameters, including signal-to-noise ratio and fraction of total available system capacity. For reasonable choices of system and encoding parameters, it is shown that increasing code complexity can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for an eavesdropper to "break" the encoding by only a few dB, while the processing of fewer than 100 bits by an eavesdropper can reduce the SNR required to break the encoding by up to 12 dB. The overall degree of confidentiality obtainable through O-CDMA encoding is also compared with that obtainable through standard cryptography. time-spreading/wavelength-hopping in particular, and O-CDMA in general, are found to provide considerably less data confidentiality than cryptography, and the confidentiality provided is found to be highly dependent on system design and implementation parameters.
In this paper, tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA is presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead the eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.