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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Disorder in a two-dimensional quantum spin liquid

D. Hüvonen, Martin Må̊nsson, S. N. Gvasaliya, Shuangyi Zhao, Tatiana S. Yankova, V. N. Glazkov, E. Ressouche, Ch. Niedermayer, M. Laver, Georg Ehlers, A. Zheludev

Published Feb 28, 2012• 0 citations
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Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are intriguing phases of matter possessing fractionalized excitations.Several quasi-two-dimensional materials have been proposed as candidate QSLs, but direct evidence for fractionalization in these systems is still lacking.In this paper, we show that the interplane thermal conductivity in layered QSLs carries a unique signature of fractionalization.We examine several types of gapless QSL phases-a Z 2 QSL with either a Dirac spectrum or a spinon Fermi surface, and a Uð1Þ QSL with a Fermi surface-and consider both clean and disordered systems.In all cases, the in-plane and c-axis thermal conductivities have a different power-law dependence on temperature because of the different mechanisms of transport in the two directions: In the planes, the thermal current is carried by fractionalized excitations, whereas the interplane current is carried by integer (nonfractional) excitations.In layered Z 2 and Uð1Þ QSLs with a Fermi surface, and in the disordered Z 2 QSL with a Dirac dispersion, the c-axis thermal conductivity is parametrically smaller than the in-plane one but parametrically larger than the phonon contribution at low temperatures.
Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are intriguing phases of matter possessing fractionalized excitations. Several quasi-two-dimensional materials have been proposed as candidate QSLs, but direct evidence for fractionalization in these systems is still lacking. In this paper, we show that the interplane thermal conductivity in layered QSLs carries a unique signature of fractionalization. We examine several types of gapless QSL phases - a Z2 QSL with either a Dirac spectrum or a spinon Fermi surface, and a U(1) QSL with a Fermi surface - and consider both clean and disordered systems. In all cases, the in-plane and c-axis thermal conductivities have a different power-law dependence on temperature because of the different mechanisms of transport in the two directions: In the planes, the thermal current is carried by fractionalized excitations, whereas the interplane current is carried by integer (nonfractional) excitations. In layered Z2 and U(1) QSLs with a Fermi surface, and in the disordered Z2 QSL with a Dirac dispersion, the c-axis thermal conductivity is parametrically smaller than the in-plane one but parametrically larger than the phonon contribution at low temperatures.
The classical Ising model on the frustrated three-dimensional (3D) swedenborgite lattice has disordered spin liquid ground states for all ratios of inter- and intraplanar couplings. Quantum fluctuations due to a transverse field give rise to several exotic phenomena. In the limit of weakly coupled kagome layers we find a 3D version of disorder by disorder degeneracy lifting. For large out-of-plane couplings one-dimensional macrospins are formed, which realize a disordered macrospin liquid phase on an emerging two-dimensional triangular lattice. We speculate about a possibly exotic version of quantum criticality that connects the polarized phase to the macrospin liquid.