In this work,we present a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism based on the subdynamic kine-tic equation.The constructing procedure is to take a similarity transformation to Gibbsian ensemble formalism.This allows one to obtain subdynamic ensemble formalism for projected density operator.This formalism can be considered as a generalization of the equilibrium quantum canonical ensemble formula in the sense as 1) if the similarity operator is unitary,then the new formula is just an effective representation of the old canonical ensemble formula,2) if the similarity operator is non-unitary,then the new formula is an extension of the old formula,which represents a kind of non-equilibrium quantum canonical ensembles formula and reflects irreversibility of the system,and 3) if the similarity operator can be deduced by some approximations,such as Markovian/non-Markovian approximations,then the new formula can expose some irreversibility characteristics of the system which can not be gained from the equilibrium quantum ensemble formulas.As an application,we study a quantum strongly correlated network described by an Anderson model.A Green function based on this formalism is also introduced.We find the complex entropy of the system to be related to appearance of the local magnetic vectors in the nodes of the network,where the image part of the entropy represents an evolution rate of the entropy.In this work,we present a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism based on the subdynamic kine-tic equation.The constructing procedure is to take a similarity transformation to Gibbsian ensemble formalism.This allows one to obtain subdynamic ensemble formalism for projected density operator.This formalism can be considered as a generalization of the equilibrium quantum canonical ensemble formula in the sense as 1) if the similarity operator is unitary,then the new formula is just an effective representation of the old canonical ensemble formula,2) if the similarity operator is non-unitary,then the new formula is an extension of the old formula,which represents a kind of non-equilibrium quantum canonical ensembles formula and reflects irreversibility of the system,and 3) if the similarity operator can be deduced by some approximations,such as Markovian/non-Markovian approximations,then the new formula can expose some irreversibility characteristics of the system which can not be gained from the equilibrium quantum ensemble formulas.As an application,we study a quantum strongly correlated network described by an Anderson model.A Green function based on this formalism is also introduced.We find the complex entropy of the system to be related to appearance of the local magnetic vectors in the nodes of the network,where the image part of the entropy represents an evolution rate of the entropy.

Fuza xitong yu fuzaxing kexueJan 1, 20090 citations

The Constrained Origin of Canonical and Microcanonical Ensembles in Quantum Theory

Loris Di Cairano

In quantum theory, equilibrium statistical mechanics is usually formulated through the canonical ensemble, whose privileged status is tied to the Euclidean continuation of time evolution. The microcanonical ensemble, by contrast, is commonly introduced as a separate spectral construction. In this work we show that this asymmetry is representational rather than structural. We formulate the system in an extended Hilbert space in which time is promoted to an auxiliary clock degree of freedom and physical states are selected by a reparametrization-invariant constraint operator $\hat C = \hat P_T + \hat H$ . The corresponding projector $δ(\hat C)$ provides a single unified object from which both canonical and microcanonical ensembles emerge as complementary projections in the clock sector. In the clock-time representation, a purely imaginary clock separation yields the Euclidean kernel and the canonical partition function. In the conjugate clock-energy representation, the same projector reduces to the spectral operator $δ(\hat H-E)$ and hence to the microcanonical density of states. The main consequence is structural: canonical and microcanonical statistics need not be introduced as independent constructions, since both are already encoded in the same constrained quantum dynamics.In quantum theory, equilibrium statistical mechanics is usually formulated through the canonical ensemble, whose privileged status is tied to the Euclidean continuation of time evolution. The microcanonical ensemble, by contrast, is commonly introduced as a separate spectral construction. In this work we show that this asymmetry is representational rather than structural. We formulate the system in an extended Hilbert space in which time is promoted to an auxiliary clock degree of freedom and physical states are selected by a reparametrization-invariant constraint operator $\hat C = \hat P_T + \hat H$. The corresponding projector $δ(\hat C)$ provides a single unified object from which both canonical and microcanonical ensembles emerge as complementary projections in the clock sector. In the clock-time representation, a purely imaginary clock separation yields the Euclidean kernel and the canonical partition function. In the conjugate clock-energy representation, the same projector reduces to the spectral operator $δ(\hat H-E)$ and hence to the microcanonical density of states. The main consequence is structural: canonical and microcanonical statistics need not be introduced as independent constructions, since both are already encoded in the same constrained quantum dynamics.

quant-pharXiv:2603.12148Mar 13, 20260 citations

Quantum Canonical Ensemble

Gregor Skačej, P. Ziherl

Springer eBooksJan 1, 20192 citations

\hat C = \hat P_T + \hat H

. The corresponding projector

δ(\hat C)

provides a single unified object from which both canonical and microcanonical ensembles emerge as complementary projections in the clock sector. In the clock-time representation, a purely imaginary clock separation yields the Euclidean kernel and the canonical partition function. In the conjugate clock-energy representation, the same projector reduces to the spectral operator

δ(\hat H-E)

and hence to the microcanonical density of states. The main consequence is structural: canonical and microcanonical statistics need not be introduced as independent constructions, since both are already encoded in the same constrained quantum dynamics.