We describe a Cs atomic magnetometer operating in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. With a vapor cell temperature of $103\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ we achieve intrinsic magnetic resonance widths $\ensuremath{\Delta}B=17\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{G}$ corresponding to an electron spin-relaxation rate of $300\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ when the spin-exchange rate is ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\text{SE}}=14\text{ }000\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also observe an interesting narrowing effect due to diffusion. Signal-to-noise measurements yield a sensitivity of about $400\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ . Based on photon shot noise, we project a sensitivity of $40\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ . A theoretical optimization of the magnetometer indicates sensitivities on the order of $2\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ should be achievable in a $1\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}$ volume. Because Cs has a higher saturated vapor pressure than other alkali metals, SERF magnetometers using Cs atoms are particularly attractive in applications requiring lower temperatures.We describe a Cs atomic magnetometer operating in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. With a vapor cell temperature of $103\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ we achieve intrinsic magnetic resonance widths $\ensuremath{\Delta}B=17\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{G}$ corresponding to an electron spin-relaxation rate of $300\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ when the spin-exchange rate is ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\text{SE}}=14\text{ }000\text{ }{\text{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also observe an interesting narrowing effect due to diffusion. Signal-to-noise measurements yield a sensitivity of about $400\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. Based on photon shot noise, we project a sensitivity of $40\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. A theoretical optimization of the magnetometer indicates sensitivities on the order of $2\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ should be achievable in a $1\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}$ volume. Because Cs has a higher saturated vapor pressure than other alkali metals, SERF magnetometers using Cs atoms are particularly attractive in applications requiring lower temperatures.

arXiv:0708.1012Physical Review AMar 13, 2008400 citations

Magnetometry based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Alfred Meidinger

Jun 1, 20000 citations

Zero-field level-crossing resonances in a small low-temperature cesium vapor cell for atomic magnetometry applications

Denis V. Brazhnikov, V. I. Vishnyakov, C. Andreeva +1 more

Abstract Zero-field level-crossing resonances (LCRs) underlay one of the most robust and simplest techniques in atomic magnetometry. LCR-based miniaturized magnetic field sensors have already found relevant applications in biology and medicine. Such sensors utilize a single circularly polarized light wave to interact with alkali-metal atoms (usually Rb or Cs) and to observe the LCR in a vapor-cell transmission when a transverse magnetic field is scanned around zero value. A high-temperature regime (T ≈ 120 − 160°C) is required to achieve a desirable sensitivity of measurements. It can be a problem for some applications, especially in a multi-channel mode of operation. Here, we consider two spectroscopy techniques that can provide high-contrast and narrow LCRs under a relatively low temperature of the cell (≤60°C). These techniques imply using two light waves: the pump wave to polarize the atoms and the probe one to register the resonance. A cubic glass cell of 5×5×5 mm3 size is used in the experiments. It is filled with cesium vapors and neon as a buffer gas. The results can be used for developing a miniaturized low-power high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor for biomedical applications.Abstract Zero-field level-crossing resonances (LCRs) underlay one of the most robust and simplest techniques in atomic magnetometry. LCR-based miniaturized magnetic field sensors have already found relevant applications in biology and medicine. Such sensors utilize a single circularly polarized light wave to interact with alkali-metal atoms (usually Rb or Cs) and to observe the LCR in a vapor-cell transmission when a transverse magnetic field is scanned around zero value. A high-temperature regime (T ≈ 120 − 160°C) is required to achieve a desirable sensitivity of measurements. It can be a problem for some applications, especially in a multi-channel mode of operation. Here, we consider two spectroscopy techniques that can provide high-contrast and narrow LCRs under a relatively low temperature of the cell (≤60°C). These techniques imply using two light waves: the pump wave to polarize the atoms and the probe one to register the resonance. A cubic glass cell of 5×5×5 mm3 size is used in the experiments. It is filled with cesium vapors and neon as a buffer gas. The results can be used for developing a miniaturized low-power high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor for biomedical applications.

Journal of Physics Conference SeriesAug 1, 20220 citations

Robust diamond-defect magnetometry

Johanna L. Miller

Physics TodayJun 20, 20180 citations

400\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}

. Based on photon shot noise, we project a sensitivity of

40\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}

. A theoretical optimization of the magnetometer indicates sensitivities on the order of

2\text{ }\text{pG}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}

should be achievable in a

1\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}

volume. Because Cs has a higher saturated vapor pressure than other alkali metals, SERF magnetometers using Cs atoms are particularly attractive in applications requiring lower temperatures.