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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Spontaneous increase of magnetic flux and chiral-current reversal in bosonic ladders: Swimming against the tide

T. Vekua, Sebastian Greschner, Marie Piraud, Fabain Heidrich-Meisner, Ian P. McCulloch, Uli Schollwoeck

Published Mar 17, 2016• 0 citations
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Remarks on a bosonic ladder subject to a magnetic field

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•Mar 16, 2016•0 citations
The interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking in many-body systems, the wavelike nature of quantum particles and lattice effects produces an extraordinary behavior of the chiral current of bosonic particles in the presence of a uniform magnetic flux defined on a two-leg ladder. While noninteracting as well as strongly interacting particles, stirred by the magnetic field, circulate along the system's boundary in the counterclockwise direction in the ground state, interactions stabilize vortex lattices. These states break translational symmetry, which can lead to a reversal of the circulation direction. Our predictions could readily be accessed in quantum gas experiments with existing setups or in arrays of Josephson junctions.
We perform a density-matrix renormalization-group study of strongly interacting bosons on a three-leg ladder in the presence of a homogeneous flux. Focusing on one-third filling, we explore the phase diagram in dependence of the magnetic flux and the inter-leg tunneling strength. We find several phases including a Meissner phase, vortex liquids, a vortex lattice, as well as a staggered-current (SC) phase. Moreover, there are regions where the chiral current reverses its direction, both in the Meissner and in the SC phase. While the reversal in the latter case can be ascribed to spontaneous breaking of translational invariance, in the first it stems from an effective flux increase in the rung direction. Interactions are a necessary ingredient to realize either type of chiral-current reversal.
We examine a bosonic two-leg ladder model subject to a magnetic flux and especially focus on a regime where the lower-energy band has two minima. By using a low-energy field theory approach, we study several issues discussed in the system: the existence of local patterns in density and current, chiral-current reversal, and the effect of a nearest-neighbor interaction along the rung direction. In our formalism, the local patterns are interpreted as a result of breaking of discrete symmetry. The chiral-current reversal occurs through a competition between a current component determined at a commensurate vortex density causing an enlargement of the unit cell and another component, which is proportional to the magnetic-field doping from the corresponding commensurate flux. The nearest-neighbor interaction along the rung direction available with the technique on a synthetic dimension is shown to favor a population-imbalance solution in an experimentally relevant regime.