Non-QNDness of Dispersive Measurement in Superconducting Qubits, Part I: Theory
Mostafa Khezri, D. Sank, Zijun Chen, R. Barends, Yu Chen, Austin G. Fowler, Robert T. Graff, Evan R. Jeffrey, J. Kelly, Erik A. Lucero, A. Megrant, J. Mutus, P. Roushan, Ted White, M. Neeley, B. Campbell, Benjamin Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, Charles Neill, P. J. J. O’Malley, Christopher Quintana, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, John M. Martinis, Alexander N. Korotkov
Fast, precise, and quantum-non-demolition (QND) readout of superconducting qubits is a fundamental component of high-fidelity quantum sensing and computation. Conventional approaches typically operate in the dispersive regime, where the qubit-resonator coupling g is weak compared to the detuning Δ. While exhibiting good QND properties, the readout rate is limited to ∼g2N/Δ≪g, where N is the number of photons in the resonator. QND readout in the nondispersive regime, where the readout rate reaches its full potential ∼g, relies on parameter sweeps that may encounter resonances, leading to measurement-induced state transitions (MIST). In this work, we study a nondispersive readout protocol that replaces these sweeps by sudden quenches of the coupling constant, using a resonator that is preloaded with photons. We call this protocol bang-bang readout, and show that it realizes single-shot projective measurements. The fidelity and QNDness of the qubit post-measurement are remarkably high, with an error that decreases like 1/N. We show that the protocol can also be implemented without preloading the resonator by instead strongly driving the qubit, e.g., with a classical flux drive.