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Physical Review A

Phase diagram of a uniform two-dimensional Fermi gas with spin-orbit coupling

Xiaosen Yang, Shaolong Wan

Published Feb 24, 2012• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the ground state of a uniform two-dimensional polarized Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling at zero temperature. We construct the phase diagram by comparing the thermodynamic potential of superfluid and phase-separated states in detail. Due to the competition between polarization and spin-orbit coupling, we find that phase-separated states in the phase diagram can be topologically trivial and nontrivial. These two topologically distinct phase-separated states can not be connected without topological phase transition. The spin-orbit coupling reduces the effect of the population imbalance. Therefore, the phase-separated states are unstable to the superfluid phases for a large spin-orbit coupling.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.023633

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We investigate the ground state of a uniform two-dimensional polarized Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling at zero temperature. We construct the phase diagram by comparing the thermodynamic potential of superfluid and phase-separated states in detail. Due to the competition between polarization and spin-orbit coupling, we find that phase-separated states in the phase diagram can be topologically trivial and nontrivial. These two topologically distinct phase-separated states can not be connected without topological phase transition. The spin-orbit coupling reduces the effect of the population imbalance. Therefore, the phase-separated states are unstable to the superfluid phases for a large spin-orbit coupling.
We investigate the ground state of the two-dimensional polarized Fermi gas with spin-orbit coupling and construct the phase diagram at zero temperature. We find there exist phase separation when the binding energy is low. As the binding energy increasing, the topological nontrivial superfluid phase coexist with topologically trivial superfluid phase which is topological phase separation. The spin-orbit coupling interaction enhance the triplet pairing and destabilize the phase separation against superfluid phase.
We study the phase separation of a spin-polarized Fermi gas with spin-orbit coupling near a wide Feshbach resonance. As a result of the competition between spin-orbit coupling and population imbalance, the phase diagram for a uniform gas develops a rich structure of phase separation involving topologically nontrivial gapless superfluid states. We then demonstrate the phase separation induced by an external trapping potential and discuss the optimal parameter region for the experimental observation of the gapless superfluid phases.
Topological superfluid state is different from the normal superfluid one due to the excitation energy gap on the boundary. How to obtain the topological superfluid state by using spin–orbit coupling to control the s-waves paired mass-imbalanced Fermi gas is a recent novel topic. In this paper, we study the topological superfluid phase diagram of two-dimensional mass-imbalanced Fermi gas with Rashba spin–orbit coupling at zero temperature. We find that due to the competition among mass imbalance, pairing interaction and spin–orbit coupling, there is a double-well structure in the thermodynamic potential, which affects the properties of the ground state of the system. We comprehensively give the phase diagrams of the system on the plane of spin–orbit coupling and chemical potential, and the phase diagrams on the plane of the reduced mass ratio and two-body binding energy. This study not only points out the stable region of topological superfluid state of mass-imbalanced Fermi gas, but also provides a detailed theoretical basis for better observation of topological superfluid state in experiments.
We study the ground-state properties of a two-component ultracold superfluid Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling at zero temperature in two-dimensional.The gap-order parameter and number densities are found analytically throught the thermodynamic potential at saddle point by using the functional and integral method.We obtain the phase diagram by solve the self-consistent equations.Under the influence of spin orbit couping,and we construct the phase diagram by comparing the thermodynamic potential of superfluid and phase-separated states.The balance of pairing will be broken due to the unequal chemical potentials in the two-component ultracold Fermi gas in two-dimensional with spin orbit coupling.
We use the self-consistent mean-field theory to analyze the effects of Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the ground-state phase diagram of population-imbalanced Fermi gases throughout the BCS-Bose-Einstein condensate evolution. We find that the SOC and population imbalance are counteracting, and that this competition tends to stabilize the uniform superfluid phase against the phase separation. However, we also show that the SOC stabilizes (destabilizes) the uniform superfluid phase against the normal phase for low (high) population imbalances. In addition, we find topological quantum phase transitions associated with the appearance of momentum-space regions with zero quasiparticle energies, and study their signatures in the momentum distribution.
We study the stability region of the topological superfluid phase in a trapped two-dimensional polarized Fermi gas with spin-orbit coupling and across a BCS-BEC crossover. Due to the competition between polarization, pairing interaction, and spin-orbit coupling, the Fermi gas typically phase-separates in the trap. Employing a mean-field approach that guarantees the ground-state solution, we systematically study the structure of the phase separation and investigate in detail the optimal parameter region for the preparation of the topologically nontrivial superfluid phase. We then calculate the momentum space density distribution of the topological superfluid state and demonstrate that the existence of the phase leaves a unique signature in the trap integrated momentum space density distribution which can survive the time-of-flight imaging process.