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Quantum Information Processing

Construction of Bell inequalities based on the CHSH structure

Binbin Liu, Jing Wang, Ming Li, Shu‐Qian Shen, Dongmeng Chen

Published Mar 8, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-017-1562-6

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The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequalities are the most famous examples of Bell inequalities. Cabello, Severini, and Winter came up with a graph approach to noncontextuality inequalities, which connects some graph-theoretic concepts to quantum and classical correlations. For example, the theta body of the exclusivity graph can be associated with the set of correlations achieved by quantum theory. Following the Cabello-Severini-Winter (CSW) approach, one may think that the theta body of the CHSH graph $\mathrm{TH}({G}_{\text{CHSH}})$ is equal to the quantum set of the CHSH Bell inequality ${\mathcal{Q}}_{\text{CHSH}}$, but is this really true? All assumptions about the CHSH inequalities come from Bell scenarios, while the CSW approach only demands the exclusivity structure of a noncontextuality (NC) scenario. To deal with the extra structure related to the presence of different players in a Bell scenario like the CHSH one, the colored-graph approach was introduced. Does it make any difference to think about the CHSH scenario as a Bell one or a more general NC scenario? The Bell CHSH inequality is represented by a bicolored graph $\mathcal{G}$ and the NC CHSH inequality by a simple graph $G$, which is the shadow of the colored graph $\mathcal{G}$. In general, we have that the theta body of the colored graph ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$ is a subset of the theta body of its shadow graph $\mathrm{TH}(G)$ in the same way that the Lov\'asz number, which corresponds to the quantum bound, of the simple graph $\ensuremath{\vartheta}(G)$ is greater than or equal to the Lov\'asz number of the colored graph ${\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$. In the case of the CHSH inequality, we have that $\ensuremath{\vartheta}(G)={\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$. Does this accident also hold for the corresponding quantum sets? Is it true that $\mathrm{TH}(G)={\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$, which would mean that every correlation reached by quantum theory applied to the CHSH NC scenario could also be obtained at the in principle more restrictive CHSH Bell scenario? In this paper our answer to such a question is negative. We show that ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})\ensuremath{\nsubseteq}\mathrm{TH}(G)$ and therefore that there are quantum correlations which cannot be obtained under Bell restrictions.

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SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF GENERALIZED BELL INEQUALITIES

SHOGO TANIMURA

•Jul 16, 2012•0 citations
A method for construction of multipartite Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt- (CHSH-) type Bell inequalities, for the case of local binary observables, is presented. The standard CHSH-type Bell inequalities can be obtained as special cases. An iterative method for deriving (N+1)(N+1)(N+1)-partite CHSH-type Bell inequalities from NNN-partite ones is derived. As an application, compact Bell inequalities for eight observers involving just four correlation functions are proposed. They require much less experimental effort than standard methods and thus are experimentally friendly in multiphoton experiments.
We construct a simple algorithm to generate any Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt- (CHSH-) type Bell inequality involving a party with two local binary measurements from two CHSH-type inequalities without this party. The algorithm readily generalizes to situations where the additional observer uses three measurement settings. There, each inequality involving the additional party is constructed from three inequalities with this party excluded. With this generalization at hand, we construct and analyze a class of symmetric inequalities for four observers and three experimental settings per observer.
The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequalities are the most famous examples of Bell inequalities. Cabello, Severini, and Winter came up with a graph approach to noncontextuality inequalities, which connects some graph-theoretic concepts to quantum and classical correlations. For example, the theta body of the exclusivity graph can be associated with the set of correlations achieved by quantum theory. Following the Cabello-Severini-Winter (CSW) approach, one may think that the theta body of the CHSH graph TH(GCHSH)\mathrm{TH}({G}_{\text{CHSH}})TH(GCHSH​) is equal to the quantum set of the CHSH Bell inequality QCHSH{\mathcal{Q}}_{\text{CHSH}}QCHSH​, but is this really true? All assumptions about the CHSH inequalities come from Bell scenarios, while the CSW approach only demands the exclusivity structure of a noncontextuality (NC) scenario. To deal with the extra structure related to the presence of different players in a Bell scenario like the CHSH one, the colored-graph approach was introduced. Does it make any difference to think about the CHSH scenario as a Bell one or a more general NC scenario? The Bell CHSH inequality is represented by a bicolored graph G\mathcal{G}G and the NC CHSH inequality by a simple graph GGG, which is the shadow of the colored graph G\mathcal{G}G. In general, we have that the theta body of the colored graph ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$ is a subset of the theta body of its shadow graph TH(G)\mathrm{TH}(G)TH(G) in the same way that the Lov\'asz number, which corresponds to the quantum bound, of the simple graph $\ensuremath{\vartheta}(G)$ is greater than or equal to the Lov\'asz number of the colored graph ${\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$. In the case of the CHSH inequality, we have that $\ensuremath{\vartheta}(G)={\ensuremath{\vartheta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$. Does this accident also hold for the corresponding quantum sets? Is it true that $\mathrm{TH}(G)={\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})$, which would mean that every correlation reached by quantum theory applied to the CHSH NC scenario could also be obtained at the in principle more restrictive CHSH Bell scenario? In this paper our answer to such a question is negative. We show that ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{c}(\mathcal{G})\ensuremath{\nsubseteq}\mathrm{TH}(G)$ and therefore that there are quantum correlations which cannot be obtained under Bell restrictions.