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Engineered silicon ring resonator for wavelength multiplexed photon-pair generation

Florent Mazeas, Michele Traetta, Marco Bentivegna, Florian Kaiser, Djeylan Aktas, Weiwei Zhang, Carlos Alonso‐Ramos, Lutfi-Arif Bin-Ngah, Tommaso Lunghi, Éric Picholle, Nadia Belabas, Xavier Le Roux, Éric Cassan, Delphine Marris‐Morini, Laurent Vivien, Grégory Sauder, Laurent Labonté, Sébastien Tanzilli

Published Sep 2, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400\,pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for $\rm 500\,\mu W$ pump power. Additionally, the resonator has been engineered so as to generate a frequency comb structure compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities ($>$~98\%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.

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We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400,pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for 500 μW\rm 500\,\mu W500μW pump power. Additionally, the resonator has been engineered so as to generate a frequency comb structure compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities (>>>~98%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.
We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400 pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for 500 μW pump power, compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities (> 98%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.
We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400 pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for 500 μW pump power, compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities (> 98%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.
We report the fully telecom compliant generation of photon pairs on a silicon micro-ring resonator chip. The ring cavity is designed such as to demultiplex the emitted frequency-comb like spectrum using standard off-the-shelves telecom 100 GHz dense wavelength division multiplexers (DWDM). We measure energy-time entanglement in different channel pairs with raw visibilities exceeding 97%, which paves the way for silicon photonics based quantum key distribution (QKD) with either increased bit rates, or more users.
Integrated quantum photonics leverages the on-chip generation of nonclassical states of light to realize key functionalities of quantum devices. Typically, the generation of such nonclassical states relies on whispering gallery mode resonators, such as integrated optical micro-rings, which enhance the efficiency of the underlying spontaneous nonlinear processes. While these kinds of resonators excel in maximizing either the temporal confinement or the spatial overlap between different resonant modes, they are usually associated with large mode volumes, imposing an intrinsic limitation on the efficiency and footprint of the device. Here, we engineer a source of time-energy entangled photon pairs based on a silicon photonic crystal cavity, implemented in a fully CMOS-compatible platform. In this device, resonantly enhanced spontaneous four-wave mixing converts pump photon pairs into signal/idler photon pairs under the energy-conserving condition in the telecommunication C-band. The design of the resonator is based on an effective bichromatic confinement potential, allowing it to achieve up to nine close-to-equally spaced modes in frequency, while preserving small mode volumes, and the whole chip, including grating couplers and access waveguides, is fabricated in a single run on a silicon-on-insulator platform. Besides demonstrating efficient photon pair generation, we also implement a Franson-type interference experiment, demonstrating entanglement between signal and idler photons with a Bell inequality violation exceeding five standard deviations. The high generation efficiency combined with the small device footprint in a CMOS-compatible integrated structure opens a pathway toward the implementation of compact quantum light sources in all-silicon photonic platforms.
We report a wavelength division multiplexed time-bin entangled photon pair source in telecom wavelength using a 10 μm radius Si ring resonator. This compact resonator has two add ports and two drop ports. By pumping one add port by a continuous laser, we demonstrate an efficient generation of two-wavelength division multiplexed time-bin entangled photon pairs in the telecom C-band, which come out of one drop port, and are then split into the signal and idler photons via a wavelength filter. The resonator structure enhances four-wave mixing for pair generation. Moreover, we demonstrate the double-port pumping where two counter propagating pump lights are injected to generate entanglement from the two drop ports simultaneously. We successfully observe the highly entangled outputs from both two drop ports. Surprisingly, the count rate at each drop port is even increased by twice that of the single-port pumping. Possible mechanisms of this observation are discussed. Our technique allows for the efficient use of the Si ring resonator and widens its functionality for variety of applications.
Entangled photon-pair sources are essential components for emerging quantum information-processing technologies. Among various platforms, on-chip microresonators offer strong potential due to their resonant enhancement and suitability for wafer-scale integration. In this study, we demonstrate ultrabright entangled photon-pair generation from high- Q silicon microring resonators. By optimizing the device geometry and coupling configuration to suppress sidewall scattering and selectively excite the fundamental mode, we achieve single-mode resonance with an intrinsic Q -factor of 1.26 × 10 6 using only standard fabrication processes available in CMOS foundries. The resulting high- Q resonator yields a record-high brightness coefficient of 3.9 × 10 9 Hz/GHz/mW 2 . At an on-chip pump power of 240 μW, we obtain a maximum brightness of 22.0 MHz/GHz and a maximum photon-pair generation rate of 9.19 MHz. At a low-pump power of 10 μW, Franson-type two-photon interference exhibits a visibility of 98.0 ± 0.2%, confirming high-quality time–energy entanglement. These results show that narrow bandwidth and high generation rate can be achieved simultaneously in CMOS-compatible silicon photonic sources, thereby advancing their use in quantum repeaters and scalable quantum networks.