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Physics World

First commercial quantum network tested in Vienna

Edwin Cartlidge

Published Nov 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Despite promises of completely security for banks and other organizations that need to transfer data, most research into cryptography has until recently been confined to the lab. Last month, however, physicists took a major step towards commercializing the technology by using quantum keys to transfer data securely in a commercial telecommunications network in Vienna, Austria.

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/21/11/16

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Despite promises of completely security for banks and other organizations that need to transfer data, most research into cryptography has until recently been confined to the lab. Last month, however, physicists took a major step towards commercializing the technology by using quantum keys to transfer data securely in a commercial telecommunications network in Vienna, Austria.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is the first technology derived from Quantum Information and Quantum Computation that is being marketed. To date, the commercial applications are in the encryption of point to point links. Now, the next logical step is about to be taken. Full quantum networks able to transport the keys to be used in symmetric key cryptography with a security level previously unattained are being designed. The proof of concept of many of the ingredients needed exist and networks with a few nodes have been implemented. The first networks will cover a metropolitan area and demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale QKD integrated with classical networks. If it succeeds in the marketplace, this could signal a major shift in how cryptography is used today.
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This paper x-rays quantum-secure data transmission protocols.Quantum cryptography relies on two fundamental principles of quantum theory; measuring a quantum state disturbs it unless it is an eigenstate of the measurement operator; and it is impossible to create an exact copy of an unknown quantum state.These principles enable secure communication by encoding information using quantum states.The BB84 protocol, the first quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, was introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, with Wiesner presenting related ideas about a decade earlier.Another historical protocol is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen protocol proposed by Artur Erkert in 1991, which is thought of as an independent invention of Quantum Cryptography using a different route.Over the last two decades, there has been active research in QKD technology, resulting in significant enhancements in performance metrics like transmission distance and key rate for fiber-based QKD systems, alongside successful feasibility verification for satellite-based QKD.There remain several obstacles and challenges hindering the widespread adoption and commercialization of QKD-based QSC, which include; technology, application, standards and certification.Additionally, while experimental demonstrations of quantum key exchange have been successful over short distances, the limited range and low bit rates still pose challenges.Despite these hurdles, QC is progressively transitioning from laboratory settings to the telecommunications mainstream, offering commercialized quantum cryptography and key distribution systems.