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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Design of periodic waveguide for enhancing the interaction of light and atoms in a vacuum

Rémi Faggiani, Xiaorun Zang, Jianji Yang, Philippe Lalanne

Published Feb 20, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The emerging field of on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices and cold atoms offers extremely strong and pure light-matter interaction schemes, which may have profound impact on quantum information science. In this context, a long-standing obstacle is to achieve strong interaction between single atoms and single photons, while at the same time trap atoms in vacuum at large separation distances from dielectric surfaces. In this work, we study new waveguide geometries that challenge these conflicting objectives. The designed photonic crystal waveguides are expected to offer a good compromise, which additionally allow for easy manipulation of atomic clouds around the structure.

DOI
10.1117/12.2259755

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The emerging field of on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices and cold atoms offers extremely strong and pure light-matter interaction schemes, which may have profound impact on quantum information science. In this context, a long-standing obstacle is to achieve strong interaction between single atoms and single photons, while at the same time trap atoms in vacuum at large separation distances from dielectric surfaces. In this work, we study new waveguide geometries that challenge these conflicting objectives. The designed photonic crystal waveguides are expected to offer a good compromise, which additionally allow for easy manipulation of atomic clouds around the structure.
The emerging field of on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices and cold atoms offers extremely-strong and pure light-matter interaction schemes, which may have profound impact on quantum information science. In this context, a long-standing obstacle is to achieve strong interaction between single atoms and single photons, while at the same time trap atoms in vacuum at large separation distances from dielectric surfaces. In this work, we study new waveguide geometries that challenge these conflicting objectives. The designed photonic crystal waveguide is expected to offer a good compromise, which additionally allows for easy manipulation of atomic clouds around the structure, while being tolerant to fabrication imperfections.
New opportunities for optical physics emerge from the integration of cold atoms with nanophotonic devices. Due to their small optical loss and tight field confinement, these nanoscale dielectric devices are capable of mediating strong atom-light interactions and open new avenues for quantum transport and quantum many-body phenomena. In particular, coupling atoms to the band edge of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) provides a unique platform for generating tunable range coherent atom-atom interactions which are mediated by the guided mode photons.
One path to quantum information processing involves light-matter interaction, such as light in a photonic-crystal waveguide coupled to a cloud of ultracold alkali atoms. However, to actually implement such a system, it is crucial to increase the coupling strength beyond what is presently achievable. The authors explain the design requirements to achieve large coupling by decreasing the group velocity of an edge mode in a hybrid-clad waveguide, allowing photons of ``slow light'' to interact with trapped cold atoms in a robust, chip-integrated setting.
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Reaching a regime of strong coupling between light and atoms is a long-sought goal in quantum optics, as it will enable non-linear optics at the photon level. Interfacing atoms with guided light in nanophotonic waveguides is a promising route to achieve such regimes. Experimental platforms include nanofibers [1] and photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs), owing to the large transverse confinement of their guided modes. With PCWs, tuning the dispersion relation gives rise to the additional benefit of a very low group velocity of the guided light [2] , allowing for strong coupling even in single pass. Moreover these systems can help explore waveguide-QED and probe exciting novel bandgap physics [3] . While encouraging values of couplings have been observed with first corrugated devices [4] , a photonic platform with trapped atoms via guided modes in the vicinity of a waveguide and lying deep in the strong coupling regime has yet to be demonstrated.