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European Journal of Physics

Quantum anharmonic oscillator plus delta-function potential: a molecular view of pairing formation and breaking in the coordinate space

Tony Ibnu Sumaryada, Bima Maha Putra, Sidikrubadi Pramudito

Published Feb 28, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose an alternative way to describe the pairing formation and breaking via a quantum anharmonic oscillator with a delta-function potential model. Unlike BCS theory, which describes the pairing formation in the momentum space, this model works in the coordinate space and is able to give a molecular view of pairing formation and breaking in the coordinate space. By exploring the dynamical interplay between the intrinsic factor (dissociation energy) and external factor (pairing strength) of this system additional information was gained, including the critical pairing strength and critical scattering length, which might relate to the BCS–BEC crossover phenomena and halo state formation. Although only the energetic aspect of pairing is described by this model, its simplicity and pedagogical steps might help undergraduate students to understand the pairing problem in a simple way.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6404/aa5e0e

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International Journal of Quantum Chemistry•Jan 1, 2007•5 citations
Abstract We propose an alternative way to describe the pairing formation and breaking via a quantum anharmonic oscillator with a delta-function potential model. Unlike BCS theory, which describes the pairing formation in the momentum space, this model works in the coordinate space and is able to give a molecular view of pairing formation and breaking in the coordinate space. By exploring the dynamical interplay between the intrinsic factor (dissociation energy) and external factor (pairing strength) of this system additional information was gained, including the critical pairing strength and critical scattering length, which might relate to the BCS–BEC crossover phenomena and halo state formation. Although only the energetic aspect of pairing is described by this model, its simplicity and pedagogical steps might help undergraduate students to understand the pairing problem in a simple way.
We deal with the effects of an anharmonic trap on an interacting two-boson system in one dimension. Our primary focus is on the role of the induced coupling between the center of mass and the relative motion as both anharmonicity and the (repulsive) interaction strength are varied. The ground state reveals a strong localization in the relative coordinate, counteracting the tendency to fragment for stronger repulsion. To explore the quantum dynamics, we study the system's response upon (i) exciting the harmonic ground state by continuously switching on an additional anharmonicity and (ii) displacing the center of mass, this way triggering collective oscillations. The interplay between collective and internal dynamics materializes in the collapse of oscillations, which are explained in terms of few-mode models.
We report extensive numerical studies of the dynamics of a classical particle in an anharmonic one-dimensional potential while it is harmonically coupled to three different many-particle systems. The studies address the comparatively simpler dynamical problem when the energy of the anharmonic oscillator is sufficiently low. The first model is one in which the many-particle system is a chain of harmonic oscillators that have nearest-neighbor harmonic interactions. The anharmonic oscillator is connected to every harmonic oscillator via harmonic springs. The second model is identical to the first except that each oscillator is subjected to an additional one-body harmonic potential. The third model is identical to the second except that the nearest-neighbor couplings between the individual harmonic oscillators are absent, i.e., the oscillators are decoupled with respect to one another. In the first model we find that the lowest frequency of the anharmonic oscillator, while possessing a lower bound, increases as $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{\mathrm{NK}},$ where NNN is the number of oscillators in the bath and KKK is the force constant describing the strength of interaction between the anharmonic oscillator and the interacting harmonic many-body system. In the second model we find aspects of dynamical correlations as seen in the canonical ensemble and a dominant frequency that increases as NK.\sqrt{\mathrm{NK}}.NK​. We recover the dynamical correlations of the anharmonic oscillator as obtained within the framework of a canonical ensemble [S. Sen, R. S. Sinkovits, and S. Chakravarti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4855 (1996)] in the third model for sufficiently many harmonic oscillators. We comment briefly on an alternate way to correctly model heat baths for numerical studies on the dynamics of physical systems using canonical ensembles.
Abstract The pioneering works by Eagles, Leggett, and Nozieres/Schmitt‐Rink [Eagles, Phys Rev, 1969, 186, 456; Leggett, In: Modern Trends in the Theory of Condensed Matter, Springer‐Verlag: Berlin, 1980; Nozieres and Schmitt‐Rink, Low Temp Phys, 1985, 59, 980] (reviewed and augmented by Randeria [Randeria, Bose‐Einstein Condensation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, p 255]) emphasize that in the limits of the models studied both at T = 0 and T ≠ 0, the “cross‐over” from a BCS‐type to a BEC‐type superconductor is continuous. The BCS and BEC “end points” seem to be well‐established. However, in the intermediate region—home to fulleride and high temperature superconductors—considerable extrapolation of the models must be done as there still is no exact theory. Yet, considerable current literature is devoted to what appears to be more “singular‐type phenomena” such as quantum critical points, “stripe” formation, insulator to superconductor phase transitions, loss of validity of the Fermi liquid theory, etc. Using a connection we have made with “cold” atom fermion‐boson crossover theory [Chen, Stajic, Levin, 2005, e‐print cond‐mat/0508603], we can establish that the resonance previously discussed [Squire and March, Int J Quant Chem, 2006, 106, 3343] is a result of the crossing of the fermion band by the boson band. While the ground state appears to remain continuous, the paired energy gap becomes transformed. We discuss features of the resonance and the experimentally observed pre‐formed “BEC Cooper pair” formation, essential to the boson‐fermion resonance theory. In addition some of the various singular phenomena discussed above can be put more into perspective. Finally, in both limits the relation of characteristic lengths to the inverse Fermi momentum is strongly emphasized, as is the role of the chemical potential near the pseudogap regime. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007