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AIP conference proceedings

Quasiperiodic and chaotic motions in intense field multiphoton processes

Shih‐I Chu

Published Jan 1, 1987• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The question of the behavior of quantum systems in time‐dependent fields whose classical counterparts exhibit chaotic behavior is addressed. For any nondissipative bounded quantum system under the influence of polychromatic (i.e., quasiperiodic) fields, it is proved by means of the many‐mode Floquet theory that the auto‐correlation function will recur infinitely often in the course of time, indicating no strict quantum stochasticity is possible. In particular, for an N‐level quantum system undergoing multiphoton transitions, its dynamic behavior is described by the quasiperiodic motion of an (N2–1)‐dimensional coherence vector S↘ in accord with the SU(N) dynamic symmetries. On the other hand, for any dissipative quantum system, SU(N) symmetries are broken, and non‐quasiperiodic behavior is observed as the coherence vector S↘ evolves from an initially (N2–1)‐dimensional space to a lower‐dimensional space. The dynamical behaviors are illustrated for two‐ and three‐level quantum systems driven by intense bichromatic laser fields.

DOI
10.1063/1.36851

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Quasiperiodic and chaotic motions in intense field multiphoton processes

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The question of the behavior of quantum systems in time-dependent fields whose classical counterparts exhibit chaotic behavior is addressed. For any nondissipative bounded quantum system under the influence of polychromatic (i.e., quasiperiodic) fields, it is proved by means of the many-mode Floquet theory1 that the autocorrelation function will recur infinitely often in the course of time, indicating no strict quantum stochasticity is possible.2 In particular, for an N-level quantum system undergoing multiphoton transitions, its dynamic behavior is described by the quasiperiodic motion of an (N2 – 1)-dimensional coherence vector S in accord with the SU(N) dynamic symmetries. On the other hand, for any dissipative quantum system, SU(N) symmetries are broken, and chaotic behavior is observed as the coherence vector Sevolves from an initially (N2 – 1)-dimensional space to a lower-dimensional space. The recurrence and chaotic phenomena are illustrated for two- and three-level quantum systems driven by intense bichromatic laser fields.2

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arXiv:physics/9911034•Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1998•7 citations
The question of the behavior of quantum systems in time‐dependent fields whose classical counterparts exhibit chaotic behavior is addressed. For any nondissipative bounded quantum system under the influence of polychromatic (i.e., quasiperiodic) fields, it is proved by means of the many‐mode Floquet theory that the auto‐correlation function will recur infinitely often in the course of time, indicating no strict quantum stochasticity is possible. In particular, for an N‐level quantum system undergoing multiphoton transitions, its dynamic behavior is described by the quasiperiodic motion of an (N2–1)‐dimensional coherence vector S↘ in accord with the SU(N) dynamic symmetries. On the other hand, for any dissipative quantum system, SU(N) symmetries are broken, and non‐quasiperiodic behavior is observed as the coherence vector S↘ evolves from an initially (N2–1)‐dimensional space to a lower‐dimensional space. The dynamical behaviors are illustrated for two‐ and three‐level quantum systems driven by intense bichromatic laser fields.
The question of the behavior of quantum systems in time-dependent fields whose classical counterparts exhibit chaotic behavior is addressed. For any nondissipative bounded quantum system under the influence of polychromatic (i.e., quasiperiodic) fields, it is proved by means of the many-mode Floquet theory1 that the autocorrelation function will recur infinitely often in the course of time, indicating no strict quantum stochasticity is possible.2 In particular, for an N-level quantum system undergoing multiphoton transitions, its dynamic behavior is described by the quasiperiodic motion of an (N2 – 1)-dimensional coherence vector S in accord with the SU(N) dynamic symmetries. On the other hand, for any dissipative quantum system, SU(N) symmetries are broken, and chaotic behavior is observed as the coherence vector Sevolves from an initially (N2 – 1)-dimensional space to a lower-dimensional space. The recurrence and chaotic phenomena are illustrated for two- and three-level quantum systems driven by intense bichromatic laser fields.2
The nonlinear dynamics of dissipative quantum systems in periodic fields is studied in the framework of a Gisin-like nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with deterministic nonunitary quantum friction terms describing the system-bath couplings. The virtue of this nonunitary evolution is that it is compatible with Dirac's superposition principle and the Hilbert-space structure of quantum kinematics. Floquet theory and the generalized Van Vleck nearly degenerate perturbation method are used to facilitate both analytical and numerical solutions. Closed-form analytic solutions can be obtained in the long-time average approximation or within the rotating-wave approximation. The methods are applied to the study of dissipative quantum dynamics of two-level systems driven by intense periodic fields. It is found that the system asymptotically approaches a limit cycle (whose orientation is subject to the quantum friction constraint), regardless of the strength of the perturbed fields and the nonlinearity constant, indicating quantum suppression of classical chaos. Further, each point of the limit cycle is found to be an attractor and \ensuremath{\psi}(t) exhibits a fractal-like evolution pattern in the course of time. The structure of the limit cycle depends strongly upon field intensity and frequency as well as the order of nonlinear multiphoton transitions. The power spectrum of the Bloch vector trajectory exhibits a dynamical symmetry inherent in the dissipative system and in the asymptotic limit cycle. A theoretical analysis is presented for the understanding of the origin and the role of the dynamical symmetry.
The many-mode Floquet theory (MMFT) recently developed by authors is extended to incorporate the irreversible damping mechanisms for the nonperturbative treatment of the dynamical evolution of dissipative three-level systems at two-photon or multiphoton coherent resonance trapping conditions induced by two strong linearly polarized monochromatic fields. It has been recently shown by several workers that under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), population may be permanently trapped in the three-level system if the coherent monochromatic fields are exactly two-photon resonant with the initial and final states, decoupled from the intermediate decaying level. In practice, the inclusion of the non-RWA terms necessarily modifies the resonant trapping conditions and behavior. In this paper we extend the generalized Van Vleck (GVV) nearly degenerate perturbation theory to an analytical treatment of the non-Hermitian two-mode Floquet Hamiltonian. This reduces the infinite-dimensional time-independent non-Hermitian Floquet Hamiltonian to a 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 effective Hamiltonian, from which essential properties of the coherent population-trapping behavior as well as the dynamical evolution of the dissipative SU(3) coherence vector S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(t) can be readily obtained and expressed in terms of only three complex quasienergy eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The MMFT-GVV studies show that the RWA two-photon resonant trapping condition is substantially modified by the effects of non-RWA terms, and that the system can be ``quasitrapped'' for only a finite amount of time characterized by a small imaginary energy (width) associated with a coherent superposition state of the initial and final levels. Furthermore, it is found that the initially eight-dimensional coherence vector S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(t) evolves predominantly to a one-dimensional scalar at the two-photon or multiphoton resonant quasitrapping conditions. Detailed results and pictorial representations of the population trapping and SU(3) dissipative dynamical evolution are presented.
The response of a quantum system to a time-dependent periodic external field is investigated in connection with the dynamical symmetry breaking and level dynamics of the adiabatic states of the system. The main results are as follows. (A) When the periodic external field preserves the dynamical symmetry of the system, its response is like that of elastic matter. (B) When the periodic external field breaks the dynamical symmetry, several cases may occur: (a) in the adiabatic limit, the system still responds elastically; (b) if the initial state is an eigenstate of the evolution operator U ( T ) for one period T of the external field, the system evolves in time cyclically and responds quasi-elastically; (c) if the initial state is not an eigenstate of the evolution operator U ( T ), the system evolves in time non-cyclically and responds non-elastically. The detailed non-elastic behaviour depends on the statistical nature of the adiabatic eigenstates of the system. If the adiabatic spectrum is chaotic, the non-elastic response is expected to be strongly dissipative. The avoided level crossings of the adiabatic eigenstates play a crucial role in both producing chaoticity of the adiabatic levels and causing dissipation of the non-elastic response. The non-elastic role played by the adiabatic progressive phase is also addressed. Computer experiments are performed for the su(2) dynamical model to illustrate the above general results.
We study the dynamics of a three-mode bosonic system with mode-changing interactions. For large mode occupations the short-time dynamics is well described by classical mean-field equations allowing us to study chaotic dynamics in the classical system and its signatures in the corresponding quantum dynamics. By introducing a symmetry-breaking term we tune the classical dynamics from integrable to strongly chaotic, which we demonstrate by calculating Poincar\'e sections and Lyapunov exponents. The corresponding quantum system features level statistics that change from Poissonian in the integrable to Wigner-Dyson in the chaotic case. We investigate the behavior of out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs), specifically the squared commutator, for initial states located in regular and chaotic regions of the classical mixed phase space and find marked differences between the two cases. The short-time behavior is well captured by semi-classical truncated Wigner simulations directly relating these features to properties of the underlying classical mean-field dynamics. We discuss a possible experimental realization of this model system in a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium atoms, which allows reversing the sign of the Hamiltonian required for measuring OTOCs.
The nonlinear dynamics of dissipative quantum systems in incoherent laser fields is studied in the framework of a master equation with the random telegraph model describing the laser noise and the Markovian approximation dealing with the system-bath couplings. Floquet theory and time-dependent perturbation methods are used to facilitate both analytical and numerical solutions. We develop a theoretical formalism that provides a powerful tool for the detailed analysis of the dissipative quantum dynamics of multilevel systems driven by intense stochastic laser fields. It is found that the system relaxes to a steady state from the effect of the laser phase and frequency noise and the kinetics of this relaxation increases with the addition of dissipative terms, introduced by the coupling to the reservoir. Amplitude fluctuations show a different behavior. Other results concerning the destruction of quantum coherence and the dynamical localization will be established and further relaxation mechanisms such as spontaneous emission and the ionization process will also be considered.