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Nanosystems Physics Chemistry Mathematics

Adiabatic cycles in quantum systems with contact interactions

Atushi Tanaka, Taksu Cheon

Published Feb 20, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An adiabatic cycle involving the δ-function potential is shown to excite Bose particles confined in a one-dimensional box.We consider a cycle, during which a wall described by a δ potential is applied and its strength and position are slowly varied.When the system is initially prepared in the equilibrium ground state, the adiabatic cycle brings all bosons into the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in a nonequilibrium state.The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional to the number of bosons.

DOI
10.17586/2220-8054-2017-8-1-121-126

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An adiabatic cycle involving the δ-function potential is shown to excite Bose particles confined in a one-dimensional box.We consider a cycle, during which a wall described by a δ potential is applied and its strength and position are slowly varied.When the system is initially prepared in the equilibrium ground state, the adiabatic cycle brings all bosons into the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in a nonequilibrium state.The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional to the number of bosons.
We show that an adiabatic cycle excites Bose particles confined in a one-dimensional box. During the adiabatic cycle, a wall described by a δ -shaped potential is applied and its strength and position are slowly varied. When the system is initially prepared in the ground state, namely, in the zero-temperature equilibrium state, the adiabatic cycle brings all Bosons into the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in a nonequilibrium state. The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional to the number of Bosons.
Adiabatic excitation of a confined one-dimensional particle with a variable δ\deltaδ-wall
It is shown that adiabatic cycles excite a quantum particle, which is confined in a one-dimensional region and is initially in an eigenstate. During the cycle, a δ\deltaδ-wall is applied and varied its strength and position. After the completion of the cycle, the state of the particle arrives another eigenstate. It is also shown that an arbitrary pair of eigenstates can be connected through a combination of adiabatic cycles. A detailed argument is provided for the case that the particle is confined by an infinite square well. This is an example of exotic quantum holonomy in Hamiltonian systems.
It is shown that adiabatic cycles excite a quantum particle, which is confined in a one-dimensional region and is initially in an eigenstate. During the cycle, an infinitely sharp wall is applied and its strength and position are varied. After the completion of the cycle, the state of the particle arrives at another eigenstate. It is also shown that we may vary the final adiabatic state by choosing the parameters of the cycle. With a combination of these adiabatic cycles, we can connect an arbitrary pair of eigenstates. Hence, these cycles may be regarded as the basis of the adiabatic excitations. A detailed argument is provided for the case that the particle is confined by an infinite square well. This is an example of exotic quantum holonomy in Hamiltonian systems.
It is shown, through a mean-field description, that the ground state of weakly interacting Bose particles in a quasi-one-dimensional box trap can be converted into an excited stationary state by an almost adiabatic cyclic operation that involves a quench: A sharp impurity potential is applied, and its strength is varied during the cycle, which induces a nonequilibrium stationary state exhibiting the inversion of population. This process is robust in the sense that the resultant stationary state is almost independent of the details of the cycle, such as the position of the impurity, as long as the cycle is far enough from critical regions. The case of the failure of the population inversion due to the strong interparticle interactions is also examined.
One-dimensional Bose gases are considered, interacting either through the hard-core potentials or through the contact delta potentials. Interest in these gases gained momentum because of the recent experimental realization of quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases in traps with tightly confined radial motion, achieving the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) regime of strongly interacting atoms. For such gases the Fermi-Bose mapping of wavefunctions is applicable. The aim of the present communication is to give a brief survey of the problem and to demonstrate the generality of this mapping by emphasizing that: (i) It is valid for nonequilibrium wavefunctions, described by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, not merely for stationary wavefunctions. (ii) It gives the whole spectrum of all excited states, not merely the ground state. (iii) It applies to the Lieb-Liniger gas with the contact interaction, not merely to the TG gas of impenetrable bosons.
The properties of a one-dimensional system of bosons interacting via a repulsive delta-function potential are studied here using a modified Bogolyubov method. The motivation for the modification is twofold: First, to cure an internal inconsistency that predicts a single-particle ground-state occupancy of minus infinity when the Bogolyubov scheme is applied to this model. Second, to abandon the initial assumption---at odds with the exact result---of a macroscopically occupied single-particle ground-state. Whereas the Bogolyubov scheme uses the lowest-energy-single-particle state as a reservoir for the other states, our method uses, for each single-particle state, all single-particle states of lower energy collectively as a reservoir. This not only removes the inconsistency but also allows us to estimate the ground-state energy in much better agreement with the exact result.