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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

On Secure Free-Space Optical Communications Over Málaga Turbulence Channels

Mohammad Javad Saber, Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough

Published Feb 20, 2017• 119 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The security issue is investigated from a physical layer perspective in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communications. More precisely, the performance of secure FSO link with intensity modulation/direct detection over Málaga (M) atmospheric turbulence channels that accounts for pointing errors is addressed in this letter. The closed-form expressions for the average secrecy capacity, the secrecy outage probability and the strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived by considering the specific nature of FSO channels modeled by the general M distribution. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of our derivations.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2017.2671872

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IEEE Access•Dec 31, 2020•37 citations
The security issue is investigated from a physical layer perspective in the context of free-space optical (FSO) communications. More precisely, the performance of secure FSO link with intensity modulation/direct detection over Málaga (M) atmospheric turbulence channels that accounts for pointing errors is addressed in this letter. The closed-form expressions for the average secrecy capacity, the secrecy outage probability and the strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived by considering the specific nature of FSO channels modeled by the general M distribution. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of our derivations.
With the continued development of optical wireless communications, the security performance of free space optical (FSO) communications is the most crucial aspect that should receive significant attention. Despite the fact that FSO communications are considered more secure than radio frequency systems, their link performance degrades due to some environmental factors such as atmospheric turbulence, fog, and non-zero boresight pointing errors. The combined effect of these factors on the secrecy performance of FSO communication systems over the generalized Malaga- M fading channel is investigated in this paper. This work assumes a more realistic eavesdropping scenario in which both legitimate and unauthorized receivers are located on the same receiving plane. Secrecy outage probability and strictly positive secrecy capacity are expressed in exact closed-form expressions in this work. The results show that the FSO system has acceptable secrecy performance in moderate and light fog, with potential reach distances ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to verify the numerical results.
This work is concerned with the secrecy performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communication system over Fisher-SnedecorF\mathcal {F}F-distribution turbulence fading channel. Considering the influence of pointing error, atmospheric turbulence and different detection technique (i.e., the intensity modulation with direct detection and heterodyne detection), we derive the exact closed-form expressions for the average secrecy capacity (ASC), the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) in terms of Meijer’s G-function. Furthermore, the asymptotic expression for SOP is analyzed as the electrical signal-to-noise ratio approaches infinity. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate analytical results.
Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication is a promising candidate for the next generation (5G and beyond) wireless communication systems, due to its merits (i.e. low latency, high data rate, and license‐free band, among others). However, atmospheric turbulence (AT) as well as pointing error (PE) are two of the main challenges with FSO communication that affect its performance. Here, the exact closed‐form expression of the average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability under the composite effect of AT and non‐zero boresight PEs is evaluated. For all the regimes of the AT (weak to strong), a generalised Malaga distribution is used to model the channel fading gain of the FSO link. The expressions are generalised and valid for all turbulence, and are applicable for intensity modulation direct detection as well as heterodyne detection techniques.
In this article, we study the physical layer security of free-space optical (FSO) communications under different eavesdropping scenarios. More specifically, the secrecy performance of FSO communication employing intensity modulation/direct detection detection is analyzed for the well-established Málaga channels. Three different realistic scenarios of eavesdropping are considered by assuming different placement locations for the eavesdropper in the paper. Novel expressions for the average secrecy capacity (ASC) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived for the considered scenarios, and useful insights are also provided through asymptotic analysis. The results show: (1) When the eavesdropper is placed near the transmitter, atmospheric condition imposes a less significant impact on secrecy performance; (2) Certain level of correlation can potentially enhance the secrecy performance for FSO communications; (3) The correlation imposes opposite impacts on the ASC and SOP of FSO communications; and the secrecy performance metrics exhibit a non-monotonic impact with the increase of correlation; (5) When the correlation of the FSO links is too small or too large (i.e., the correlation parameter around 0 or 1), the correlation plays a more significant impact on secrecy performance; and (6) The asymptotic slope of the SOP is 0.5 for all eavesdropping scenarios under practical FSO channels.
In this paper, we analyze the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communication system composed of a transmitting satellite and ground users. Specifically, the FSO fading channels follow the Malaga distribution. Further, we scrutinize the influence of non-zero boresight pointing errors and angle-of-arrival fluctuations on the PLS performance for the first time. We derived the probability density function and cumulative density function of the FSO link, followed by the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC). The asymptotic SOP expression at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime and diversity order are also provided to reveal the physical mechanism of the PLS of the considered system. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the correctness of the analytical expressions. The results afford helpful insights for the future design of satellite FSO communication systems.
In this paper, the secrecy performance of the physical layer security (PLS) of the hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is analyzed. The transmission protocol of the considered system is performed under the eavesdropper's attempt to overhear the RF link between the transmitter and legitimate receiver of the hybrid system. The FSO link is characterized by Málaga-M distribution while the RF links are modeled by Nakagami-m distribution. The two practical eavesdropping modes considered in this paper include: colluding and non-colluding. Exact closed-form expressions for the system's secrecy outage probability (SOP), the asymptotic of the SOP (SOP∞), the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC), the average secrecy capacity (ASC), and the asymptotic of the ASC (ASC∞), are specifically derived under the influence of both eavesdropper modes. Our derived analytical expressions present an efficient tool to investigate the impact of some channel parameters on the secrecy performance, namely the fading severity of the RF links, atmospheric turbulence severity, pointing error of the FSO link, number of eavesdroppers, and the power of the eavesdropper links. The results show that the increase of the eavesdroppers' number under both modes profoundly degrades the considered system secrecy performance. The accuracy of the numerical results obtained is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations.