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Laser Physics

Precise position measurement of an atom using superposition of two standing wave fields

Muhammad Idrees, Bakht Amin Bacha, Muhammad Javed, Arif Ullah

Published Feb 22, 2017• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We present a scheme that provides a strong basis for precise localization of atoms, using superposition of two standing wave fields in a three level Λ -type gain assisted model. We show how atomic interference and diffraction occur at a particular node or antinode region of the standing wave fields. Two, three, four and even single localized peaks of atoms are observed in both full-wavelength and sub-half-wavelength domains, with 100 percent localization probability in a single peak. Dark lines appearing in the node region of the standing wave fields show strong evidence for atomic destructive interference. The proposed scheme allows for efficient localization of an atom to a particular point.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aa5680

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 2, 2021•25 citations
Abstract We present a scheme that provides a strong basis for precise localization of atoms, using superposition of two standing wave fields in a three level Λ -type gain assisted model. We show how atomic interference and diffraction occur at a particular node or antinode region of the standing wave fields. Two, three, four and even single localized peaks of atoms are observed in both full-wavelength and sub-half-wavelength domains, with 100 percent localization probability in a single peak. Dark lines appearing in the node region of the standing wave fields show strong evidence for atomic destructive interference. The proposed scheme allows for efficient localization of an atom to a particular point.
A scheme is proposed to achieve one-dimensional localization of a two-level atom moving through a standing wave regime constructed by two classical standing-wave fields. Precise position information of the atom can be obtained by measuring resonant absorption of a weak coherent field probing the transition strongly driven by the resonant standing-wave fields. Behavior of atomic localization has been shown for symmetric superposition of the standing-wave fields arranged in two distinct configurations: (i) parallel and (ii) cross. In the cross-configuration, we have shown 100% detection probability of the atom within one wavelength range with the evolution of single localization peak in the sub-half-wavelength range due to the variation of spatial phase shift of one of the standing-wave fields. In case of nonresonant coupling of the atom with the standing-wave fields, a single localization peak in the sub-half-wavelength range can be obtained by changing the relative detuning of frequency of the probe field. For achieving high resolution single-peak localization of a two-level atom, the present scheme would be of great interest from the experimental point of view.
A scheme for one-dimensional localization of a three-level atom is proposed by employing a modified technique for the formation of a standing-wave regime using two standing-wave fields. In the present system, precise position information of the atom can be achieved by measuring the population of the excited state, which can be efficiently controlled by the symmetric and the asymmetric superpositions of two standing-wave fields in the presence of constructive quantum interference. Our results highlight that, depending upon the effect of asymmetric superposition, the proposed scheme may provide a promising way to obtain various types of single-peak and double-peak localizations of the atom either in a one-wavelength range or in a half-wavelength range with appropriate values of the Rabi frequencies, detunings and spatial phase shifts of the coupling fields.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional atom localization based on the coherent controlled absorption and gain of a weak probe field in a four-level double-\ensuremath{\Lambda} system, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Owing to the space-dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom passing through the standing waves can be directly determined by measuring the resulting absorption and gain spectra. The phase-sensitive property of the atomic system significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. It is found that, by properly varying the parameters of the system, we can achieve sub-half-wavelength atom localization with high precision. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can be 100% when a photon with certain frequency is absorbed or amplified. Numerical calculations and qualitative analyses show that the enhancement of precision in the position measurement of the atom is attributed to the interference between the one-photon excitation and the phase-dependent three-photon excitation from the closed interacting contour in the laser-driven atomic system.
We propose two schemes of atom localization based on the interference of double-dark resonances in a tripod and a 'Lambda'-type four-level system. It is demonstrated that the localization is significantly improved owing to the interference of double-dark resonances. In the tripod scheme, the localization can be manipulated by the parameters of an additional control field. Via adjusting the Rabi frequency of the field, one can double the probability of detecting the atom within subwavelength domain. By decreasing the detuning of the field, higher spatial resolution can be achieved. In the 'Lambda'-type four-level system, via adjusting the probe field detuning, we can not only make the atom localized at the nodes of the standing-wave field with high precision, but also increase the detecting probability of the atom at a particular position by a factor of 2.
We present a new scheme of high-efficiency one-dimensional (1D) atom localization via measurement of upper state population or the probe absorption in a four-level N-type atomic system. By applying two classical standing-wave fields, the localization peak position and number, as well as the conditional position probability, can be easily controlled by the system parameters, and the sub-half-wavelength atom localization is also observed. More importantly, there is 100% detecting probability of the atom in the subwavelength domain when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. The proposed scheme may open up a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 1D atom localization.
Abstract Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in a λ -type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller than λ /25 × λ /25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.