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The role of entanglement in Young interference experiment with two photons 1

Leonardo Neves, Carlos Henrique Monken, Sebastião Pádua

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we study the role of quantum entanglement in a double-slit Young interference experiment that uses a pair of photons generated by parametric down-conversion. The quantum state of these photons is calculated for a general case, where they are transmitted through apertures placed in their paths. Considering those apertures as double-slits we show that is possible to treat this system as two qubits. In this way we relate the fourth-order interference patterns with the degree of entanglement of twin photons. 1

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In this work, we study the role of quantum entanglement in a double-slit Young interference experiment that uses a pair of photons generated by parametric down-conversion. The quantum state of these photons is calculated for a general case, where they are transmitted through apertures placed in their paths. Considering those apertures as double-slits we show that is possible to treat this system as two qubits. In this way we relate the fourth-order interference patterns with the degree of entanglement of twin photons. 1
The visibilities of second-order (one-photon) and fourth-order (two-photon) interference have been observed in a Young's double-slit experiment using light generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and a photon-counting intensified charge-coupled device camera. Coherence and entanglement underlie one- and two-photon interference, respectively. As the effective source size is increased, coherence is diminished while entanglement is enhanced, so that the visibility of one-photon interference decreases while that of two-photon interference increases. This experiment demonstrates the complementarity between one- and two-photon interference (coherence and entanglement) in the spatial domain.
We report a two-photon double-slit interference experiment. Two correlated photons, generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion and traveling in different directions, are made to pass through a double slit in such a way that the path of one photon can be identified with that of the other photon. No single-photon interference pattern is observed even if the path is not actually identified, but a spatial interference pattern appears in the joint detection counting rates of the photon pairs. It can easily be shown that these nonlocal phenomena cannot be exhibited by any kind of classical field.
Double-double-slit thought experiment provides profound insight on interference of quantum entangled particles. This paper presents a detailed experimental realisation of quantum double-double-slit thought experiment with momentum entangled photons and theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experiment is configured in such a way that photons are path entangled and each photon can reveal the which-slit path information of the other photon. As a consequence, single photon interference is suppressed. However, two-photon interference pattern appears if locations of detection of photons are correlated without revealing the which-slit path information. It is also shown experimentally and theoretically that two-photon quantum interference disappears when the which-slit path of a photon in the double-double-slit is detected.
We review recent theoretical and experimental works where are proposed and demonstrated how to use photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion to generate entangled states of D-dimensional quantum systems, or qudits. This is the first demonstration of high-dimensional entanglement based on the intrinsic transverse momentum entanglement of the type-II down-converted photons. The qudit space is defined by an aperture made up of an opaque screen with D slits (paths), placed in the arms of the twin photons. By manipulating the pump beam profile we can prepare different entangled states of these possible paths. We focus our attention on an important case for applications in quantum information: the maximally entangled states. Experimental results for qudits with D=4 and D=8 are shown and measuring a two-photon conditional interference, we also demonstrate the nonclassical character of the correlations.
Quantum interference is a challenging phenomenon in quantum optics. According to this principle of superposition of quantum mechanics, elementary particles such as photon can not only be in more than one place at a given time, but that an individual particle can cross its own trajectory and interfere with the direction of its path. Thomas Young devised the double slit experiment to prove that light consisted of waves. Analysis of the double slit experiment and the interference pattern indicates that each photon not only goes through both the slits simultaneously, but traverses every possible trajectory on the way to the target, not just in theory, but in fact. In the present work we have analysed the situation in terms of quantum superposition and Schrodinger cat states in quantum optics. The nature of photon in this analysis is examined