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Physics Bulletin

Lasers in Applied and Fundamental Research

Frank H. Read

Published May 1, 1986• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

S Stenholm 1985 Bristol: Adam Hilger xiv + 273 pp price £9.95 (IOP members' price £7.95) ISBN 0 85274 808 6 This book contains four contributions that were first published as review articles in Reports on Progress in Physics , together with an introduction setting the scene for each paper and describing developments which have occurred since the articles were first written. The four topics are the interaction of laser radiation with free atoms (S Feneuille), optical bistability (E Abraham and S D Smith), nonclassical effects in the statistical properties of light (R Loudon) and Bell's theorem (J F Clauser and A Shimony).

DOI
10.1088/0031-9112/37/5/034

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S Stenholm 1985 Bristol: Adam Hilger xiv + 273 pp price £9.95 (IOP members' price £7.95) ISBN 0 85274 808 6 This book contains four contributions that were first published as review articles in Reports on Progress in Physics , together with an introduction setting the scene for each paper and describing developments which have occurred since the articles were first written. The four topics are the interaction of laser radiation with free atoms (S Feneuille), optical bistability (E Abraham and S D Smith), nonclassical effects in the statistical properties of light (R Loudon) and Bell's theorem (J F Clauser and A Shimony).
The field of quantum optics has progressed rapidly in the last twenty five years with the advent of the laser. Over much of this period the phenomena studied could be described adequately by semiclassical treatments. Quite recently however, there has been a revival of interest in genuinely quantum mechanical effects. The Malvern Symposium of December 1985 brought together world experts for a meeting which concentrated largely on these quantum effects. The presentations in this unique meeting combine review material with the very latest results and so will be of value to students of quantum optics and measurement theory at all levels. The first articles cover the exciting topic of the generation of squeezed states of light in the laboratory, and their possible uses. Experimental success has been long sought and very recently attained. The reader will find presented the state of the art in this field. Next to lasing itself, optical bistability has been the most widely studied phenomenon in quantum optics, largely for its technological promise. However, it also provides a fundamental system to study quuantum effects. Recent theoretical studies of optical bistability with small numbers of atoms are surveyed. In such situations quantum features such as antibunching become significant, and the articles in this volume should be a guide to those venturing into this challenging area. In other articles discussions of fluctuations from other noise sources and instabilities in optical bistabilty are presented in a clear and interesting way. Perhaps the least classical state on quantum optics is that describing a single photon. Recent experiments which produce such states are reviewed. A theoretical review of the photon together with some new material is given which delves deeply into relativistic quantum field theory in order to describe the concept of weakly localised photon states. The material here is very rarely presented in the context of quantum optics. The history of the theory of the quantum fluctuations in a laser is then reviewed. An off-shoot of this theory is the study of quantum chaos in dissipative systems and recent results in this new area are given in a succeeding article. There are further stimulating articles on Rydberg atom systems and quantum electrodynamics. The volume ends with an entertaining and incisive study of quantum measurement problems, such as the Schrodinger cat papadox, using concepts and measuring devices found in quantum optics.other_titles
R Loudon Oxford: University Press 1973 pp xii + 338 price £7.50 One merit of Professor Loudon's book, uncommon in its field even in the attempt, is that he has cast it successfully in the tradition of normal physics texts. He starts roughly where undergraduate quantum mechanics courses leave off; introduces his topics as recognizably physics problems; keeps the mathematics to a reasonable minimum; and finally leaves the reader well placed not only to penetrate further technicalities but also to appraise them in context, and all the better for having been approached as a sane physicist, instead of being supposed ignorant of Planck's constant at the start and poised for engineering applications at the end.
Peter Franken was a remarkable man. Immediately after the invention of the laser in 1960, he realized its potentialities for nonlinear effects. His revolutionary paper on second harmonic generation appeared in 1961. It started a revolution in optics, in spite of the fact that some picture editor had removed the spectral spot that was the proof of the effect. Within a few years the experimental field exploded and Bloembergen and collaborators had developed the theory of the new effects to a point that merited his textbook of 1965. Peter Franken turned 70 in 1998 and the traditional Festschrift was prepared. Unfortunately he passed away in 1999, and the book appeared as a dedication to his memory. And a very suitable one it is, because it covers many of the topics he initiated and much of the recent developments following from them. As a long-time friend and colleague, Professor Prokhorov writes the introduction. The book has reviews of topics in nonlinear optics, following their developments up to the late 1990s: Atomic time standards (Ramsay), Femtosecond phenomena at nonlinear optical boundaries (Bloembergen et al ), Nuclear excitation in plasmas (Sobelman) and Raman scattering (Powell and Basiev). Novel fields with strong connections to optics are presented: Quantum interference effects on optical dispersion (Scully et al ), Excitonic features in semiconductor cavities (Gibbs et al ), Nonlinear atom optics (Meystre et al ) and Laser-induced particle emission spectroscopy with atomic resolution (Letokhov). The field mentioned last has been developed by Professor Letokhov in recent years, and I do not know any other place where its methods and potentialities are presented in this detail. The book is a valuable source of information on recent progress in the topics included. It summarizes many important developments of contemporary laser physics. If one wants to get an overview of this research, the book is very valuable. The level of treatment varies a little, from purely descriptive to highly detailed; that is inevitable when many authors are involved. Reading the text requires a certain ability to discern and choose; hence it is no textbook for students. A mature and interested reader, however, can learn much from the book. The most recent developments will, no doubt, become dated, but so much material is central to the field of research that the main part of the text is of lasting value. Groups and individuals working in the area of laser physics will find the volume challenging and useful as a general reference. Here one can look up earlier material and find out its relevance to the most recent progress. Stig Stenholm