Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

Improving Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Shannon-Kotel'nikov Maps

Edmar Nascimento, Francisco de Assis

Published Dec 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol that uses a Shannon- Kotel'nikov expansion map for preparing coherent states. This kind of mapping acts like an analog error correcting code that improves the fidelity between the source signal and the reconstructed one at the receiver. It is well known that a limitation for extending CVQKD to larger distances is the reconciliation efficiency. Such lack of efficiency in reconciliation is mainly due to the difficulty of finding good error correcting codes for low signal-to-noise ratios. Having this limitation in mind, our protocol allows increasing the signal-to-noise ratio between Alice and Bob, thus making reconciliation easier.

DOI
10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848931

Related papers

Enhancing Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution by State Preparation With Shannon-Kotel'nikov Maps

Edmar Nascimento, Francisco de Assis

We propose a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol that uses Shannon-Kotel'nikov maps for preparing coherent quantum states. Our protocol has similarities with the no-switching protocol in the sense that it requires that both quadratures need to be measured. It is also a Gaussian modulated protocol, because the secret key is to be extracted from Gaussian parameters. The use of this kind of map in the preparation of coherent states allows the increase in the source-to-distortion ratio (SDR) between Alice and Bob, thus making information reconciliation easier. This increase in SDR is due to the use of nonlinear maps of higher dimension instead of simply raising Alice's variance. We analyze here two kind of maps: the uniform Archimedes' spiral and the geodesics on a flat torus. We assess the security of our protocol through simulations. In order to do that, we simulate the optimal feedforward attack together with a maximum-likelihood receiver, then we use Kraskov's first algorithm to estimate the mutual information.

Journal of Communication and Information Systems•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations

Long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a Gaussian modulation

Paul Jouguet, Sébastien Kunz-Jacques, Anthony Leverrier

We designed high-efficiency error correcting codes allowing us to extract an errorless secret key in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol using a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and a homodyne detection. These codes are available for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios on an additive white Gaussian noise channel with a binary modulation and can be combined with a multidimensional reconciliation method proven secure against arbitrary collective attacks. This improved reconciliation procedure considerably extends the secure range of a CVQKD with a Gaussian modulation, giving a secret key rate of about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ bit per pulse at a distance of 120 km for reasonable physical parameters.

arXiv:1110.0100•Physical Review A•Dec 21, 2011•273 citations

Discrete Modulated Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution: Security and Noise Tolerance Enhanced by Decoy States and Effective Error Correction Protocol Integration

Abdul Mukit, Md Sabbir Hossen Bijoy, Sajid Muhaimin Choudhury +1 more

As the possibility of a genuine, functioning quantum computer becomes closer to reality every day, so does the urge to use the principles of quantum physics to improve the security of communications. One of the most studied areas of quantum communication is quantum key distribution (QKD), however there are still challenges to overcome, such as low detection accuracy, the need for extensive computation, and the lack of extremely efficient error correction. Even though Continuous Variable QKD has seen some significant advancements, there hasn't been much effort to integrate these advancements to make the CVQKD system stronger. By combining discrete modulation, the use of decoy states with the combination of cascade reconciliation and effective polar code-based error correction, our work aims to make the CVQKD more feasible for practical implementation and offer a secure, accurate, and noise-resistant Q KD protocol.

IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Photonics (ICTP)•Dec 21, 2023•0 citations

Experimental demonstration of continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 80 km of standard telecom fiber

Paul Jouguet, Sébastien Kunz-Jacques, Anthony Leverrier +2 more

Summary form only given. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is a promising alternative to commonly used discrete-variable QKD protocols, because this technology can be implemented with standard telecom components and recent results suggest that it will be compatible with standard wavelength division multiplexed telecommunication networks [1]. Security proofs against general eavesdropping attacks are available for CVQKD protocols using Gaussian modulation [2], and field implementations over deployed telecommunication networks have been demonstrated over the past few years [3].Long-distance operation of CVQKD systems, however, has been hindered until now by the limited efficiency of the complex error-correction (or reconciliation) algorithms that are required to extract the secret key from the correlated data shared by Alice and Bob. We have designed high-efficiency error correcting-codes [4] allowing to extract an errorless secret key in a CVQKD protocol using a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and a homodyne detection system. These codes are available for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios on a Gaussian noise channel with a binary modulation and can be combined with a multidimensional reconciliation method [5]. This improved reconciliation procedure considerably extends the secure range of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian modulation.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•May 1, 2013•8 citations

Efficient rate-adaptive reconciliation for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Xiangyu Wang, Yichen Zhang, Zhengyu Li +3 more

Information reconciliation protocol has a significant effect on the secret key rate and maximal transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems. We propose an efficient rate-adaptive reconciliation protocol suitable for practical CV-QKD systems with time-varying quantum channel. This protocol changes the code rate of multi-edge type low density parity check codes, by puncturing (increasing the code rate) and shortening (decreasing the code rate) techniques, to enlarge the correctable signal-to-noise ratios regime, thus improves the overall reconciliation efficiency comparing to the original fixed rate reconciliation protocol. We verify our rate-adaptive reconciliation protocol with three typical code rate, i.e., 0.1, 0.05 and 0.02, the reconciliation efficiency keep around 93.5%, 95.4% and 96.4% for different signal-to-noise ratios, which shows the potential of implementing high-performance CV-QKD systems using single code rate matrix.

arXiv:1703.04916•Mar 15, 2017•32 citations

High efficiency continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on QC-LDPC codes

Ying Guo, Kangshuai Wang, Duan Huang +1 more

Seeking good error correcting codes to improve the efficiency of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) reconciliation is a concerning issue. Due to the introduction of multidimensional reconciliation, the error correcting techniques in the classical binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel are applicable to CVQKD. In this Letter, we apply the quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes, which are specified in 5G protocol, to the reconciliation process. Simulation results show that the reconciliation efficiency can reach 92.6% when the code rate is 22/68 and the signal-to-noise ratio is 0.623. Such a new error correcting code points out a new direction for the development of CVQKD.

Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2019•8 citations
We propose a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol that uses a Shannon- Kotel'nikov expansion map for preparing coherent states. This kind of mapping acts like an analog error correcting code that improves the fidelity between the source signal and the reconstructed one at the receiver. It is well known that a limitation for extending CVQKD to larger distances is the reconciliation efficiency. Such lack of efficiency in reconciliation is mainly due to the difficulty of finding good error correcting codes for low signal-to-noise ratios. Having this limitation in mind, our protocol allows increasing the signal-to-noise ratio between Alice and Bob, thus making reconciliation easier.
We propose a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol that uses Shannon-Kotel'nikov maps for preparing coherent quantum states. Our protocol has similarities with the no-switching protocol in the sense that it requires that both quadratures need to be measured. It is also a Gaussian modulated protocol, because the secret key is to be extracted from Gaussian parameters. The use of this kind of map in the preparation of coherent states allows the increase in the source-to-distortion ratio (SDR) between Alice and Bob, thus making information reconciliation easier. This increase in SDR is due to the use of nonlinear maps of higher dimension instead of simply raising Alice's variance. We analyze here two kind of maps: the uniform Archimedes' spiral and the geodesics on a flat torus. We assess the security of our protocol through simulations. In order to do that, we simulate the optimal feedforward attack together with a maximum-likelihood receiver, then we use Kraskov's first algorithm to estimate the mutual information.
We designed high-efficiency error correcting codes allowing us to extract an errorless secret key in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol using a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and a homodyne detection. These codes are available for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios on an additive white Gaussian noise channel with a binary modulation and can be combined with a multidimensional reconciliation method proven secure against arbitrary collective attacks. This improved reconciliation procedure considerably extends the secure range of a CVQKD with a Gaussian modulation, giving a secret key rate of about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ bit per pulse at a distance of 120 km for reasonable physical parameters.
As the possibility of a genuine, functioning quantum computer becomes closer to reality every day, so does the urge to use the principles of quantum physics to improve the security of communications. One of the most studied areas of quantum communication is quantum key distribution (QKD), however there are still challenges to overcome, such as low detection accuracy, the need for extensive computation, and the lack of extremely efficient error correction. Even though Continuous Variable QKD has seen some significant advancements, there hasn't been much effort to integrate these advancements to make the CVQKD system stronger. By combining discrete modulation, the use of decoy states with the combination of cascade reconciliation and effective polar code-based error correction, our work aims to make the CVQKD more feasible for practical implementation and offer a secure, accurate, and noise-resistant Q KD protocol.
Summary form only given. Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is a promising alternative to commonly used discrete-variable QKD protocols, because this technology can be implemented with standard telecom components and recent results suggest that it will be compatible with standard wavelength division multiplexed telecommunication networks [1]. Security proofs against general eavesdropping attacks are available for CVQKD protocols using Gaussian modulation [2], and field implementations over deployed telecommunication networks have been demonstrated over the past few years [3].Long-distance operation of CVQKD systems, however, has been hindered until now by the limited efficiency of the complex error-correction (or reconciliation) algorithms that are required to extract the secret key from the correlated data shared by Alice and Bob. We have designed high-efficiency error correcting-codes [4] allowing to extract an errorless secret key in a CVQKD protocol using a Gaussian modulation of coherent states and a homodyne detection system. These codes are available for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios on a Gaussian noise channel with a binary modulation and can be combined with a multidimensional reconciliation method [5]. This improved reconciliation procedure considerably extends the secure range of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian modulation.
Information reconciliation protocol has a significant effect on the secret key rate and maximal transmission distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems. We propose an efficient rate-adaptive reconciliation protocol suitable for practical CV-QKD systems with time-varying quantum channel. This protocol changes the code rate of multi-edge type low density parity check codes, by puncturing (increasing the code rate) and shortening (decreasing the code rate) techniques, to enlarge the correctable signal-to-noise ratios regime, thus improves the overall reconciliation efficiency comparing to the original fixed rate reconciliation protocol. We verify our rate-adaptive reconciliation protocol with three typical code rate, i.e., 0.1, 0.05 and 0.02, the reconciliation efficiency keep around 93.5%, 95.4% and 96.4% for different signal-to-noise ratios, which shows the potential of implementing high-performance CV-QKD systems using single code rate matrix.
Seeking good error correcting codes to improve the efficiency of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) reconciliation is a concerning issue. Due to the introduction of multidimensional reconciliation, the error correcting techniques in the classical binary-input additive white Gaussian noise channel are applicable to CVQKD. In this Letter, we apply the quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes, which are specified in 5G protocol, to the reconciliation process. Simulation results show that the reconciliation efficiency can reach 92.6% when the code rate is 22/68 and the signal-to-noise ratio is 0.623. Such a new error correcting code points out a new direction for the development of CVQKD.