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Antihydrogen spectroscopy achieved

Johanna L. Miller

For the first time, researchers have probed the energy difference between two states of the antimatter atom.

Physics TodayDec 23, 20160 citations

Atoms made entirely of antimatter: Two methods produce slow antihydrogen

G. Gabrielse

Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physicsJan 1, 200580 citations

Antimatter Advances Include Trapped Antihydrogen in Its Ground State

Phil Richerme

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 8, 20122 citations

Antimatter Research with Cold Antihydrogen and Cold Antiproton

Y. Yamazaki

Antihydrogen, the opposite number of hydrogen, is the simplest antimatter, and stable in vacuum, which guarantees a long observation time for high precision spectroscopy. This review discusses a short history of antimatter followed by the motivation of the cold antihydrogen research, and then a couple of latest results, which open a new era of antihydrogen research enabling high precision spectroscopy for the first time. A comparison of the spectroscopic properties of antihydrogen with those of hydrogen constitutes a stringent test of the CPT symmetry, the most fundamental law of physics. One of the important achievements of cold antihydrogen study in the last couple of years is the trapping of antihydrogen atoms in an octupole magnetic bottle. Considering the bottle depth, the trapped antihydrogen atoms were really cold, less than 0.5K in their temperature. High precision laser spectroscopy of 1S-2S transition is foreseen once antihydrogen atoms can be laser-cooled. The other milestone development was a successful synthesis of antihydrogen atoms in a so-called cusp trap, where an anti-Helmholtz coil configuration is adopted. The cusp trap enables extraction of antihydrogen atoms in a field-free region as an intensified spin-polarized beam,which realizes high resolution microwave spectroscopy of ground state hyperfine transitions.Antihydrogen, the opposite number of hydrogen, is the simplest antimatter, and stable in vacuum, which guarantees a long observation time for high precision spectroscopy. This review discusses a short history of antimatter followed by the motivation of the cold antihydrogen research, and then a couple of latest results, which open a new era of antihydrogen research enabling high precision spectroscopy for the first time. A comparison of the spectroscopic properties of antihydrogen with those of hydrogen constitutes a stringent test of the CPT symmetry, the most fundamental law of physics. One of the important achievements of cold antihydrogen study in the last couple of years is the trapping of antihydrogen atoms in an octupole magnetic bottle. Considering the bottle depth, the trapped antihydrogen atoms were really cold, less than 0.5K in their temperature. High precision laser spectroscopy of 1S-2S transition is foreseen once antihydrogen atoms can be laser-cooled. The other milestone development was a successful synthesis of antihydrogen atoms in a so-called cusp trap, where an anti-Helmholtz coil configuration is adopted. The cusp trap enables extraction of antihydrogen atoms in a field-free region as an intensified spin-polarized beam,which realizes high resolution microwave spectroscopy of ground state hyperfine transitions.

Molecular ScienceJan 1, 20120 citations

Be+ assisted, simultaneous confinement of more than 15000 antihydrogen atoms

R. Akbari, L. O. de Araujo Azevedo, C. J. Baker +54 more

Antihydrogen, the bound state of a positron and an antiproton, is the only pure anti-atomic system ever studied. It is produced exclusively in the laboratory, as it has never been observed in nature. This unique system is of great interest for searching for tentative differences between matter and antimatter. Antihydrogen has been routinely trapped since 2010 and accumulated since 2017, enabling, for example, the first precision spectroscopic study of the anti-atom in 2018 and the first observation of the influence of gravity in 2023. Here we report an eight-fold increase in the trapping rate of antihydrogen, enabled by sympathetic cooling of positrons with laser-cooled beryllium ions. With beryllium sympathetic cooling, we now accumulate over 15000 antihydrogen atoms in under seven hours. This technique transforms our ability to study systematic and sidereal effects in existing experiments while paving the way for studies that would otherwise remain out of reach.Antihydrogen, the bound state of a positron and an antiproton, is the only pure anti-atomic system ever studied. It is produced exclusively in the laboratory, as it has never been observed in nature. This unique system is of great interest for searching for tentative differences between matter and antimatter. Antihydrogen has been routinely trapped since 2010 and accumulated since 2017, enabling, for example, the first precision spectroscopic study of the anti-atom in 2018 and the first observation of the influence of gravity in 2023. Here we report an eight-fold increase in the trapping rate of antihydrogen, enabled by sympathetic cooling of positrons with laser-cooled beryllium ions. With beryllium sympathetic cooling, we now accumulate over 15000 antihydrogen atoms in under seven hours. This technique transforms our ability to study systematic and sidereal effects in existing experiments while paving the way for studies that would otherwise remain out of reach.

Nature CommunicationsNov 18, 20255 citations

Forming, trapping, and cooling neutral antimatter: strongly magnetized highly excited antihydrogen atoms

H. R. Sadeghpour

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 8, 20070 citations

Antihydrogen gives way to spectroscopic study

Abstract

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Antihydrogen gives way to spectroscopic study

Abstract

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