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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Strongly interacting photons in a synthetic magnetic field

P. Roushan, Charles Neill, A. Megrant, Y. Chen, R. Barends, B. Cambell, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. E. Dunsworth, Austin G. Fowler, Evan R. Jeffrey, Jack Kelly, Erik A. Lucero, J. Mutus, P. J. J. O’Malley, M. Neeley, C. M. Quintana, D. Sank, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, T. White, Eliot Kapit, John M. Martinis

Published Mar 14, 2016• 0 citations
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The interactions between light and matter are strongly enhanced when atoms are placed in high-finesse quantum cavities, offering tantalizing opportunities for generating exotic new quantum phases. In this work we show that both spin-orbit interactions and strong synthetic magnetic fields result when a neutral atom is confined within a ring cavity, whenever the internal atomic states are coupled to two off-resonant counter-propagating modes. We diagonalize the resulting cavity polariton Hamiltonian and find characteristic spin-orbit dispersion relations for a wide range of parameters. An adjustable uniform gauge potential is also generated, which can be converted into a synthetic magnetic field for neutral atoms by applying an external magnetic field gradient. Very large synthetic magnetic fields are possible, as the strength is proportional to the (average) number of photons in each of the cavity modes. The results suggest that strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics can be a useful environment for the formation of topological states in atomic systems.
We analytically determine the properties of two interacting particles in a harmonic trap subject to a rotation or a uniform synthetic magnetic field, where the spherical symmetry of the relative Hamiltonian is preserved. Thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy and energy are calculated via the second-order quantum cluster expansion. We find that in the strongly interacting regime the energy is universal; however, the entropy changes as a function of the rotation or synthetic magnetic-field strength.