From Bits to Qubits: A Quantum Leap for Computers

Alfonso Recio Hernández, Alma L. Esparza Maldonado, Jorge Humberto Dzul Bermejo

Quantum computing is emerging as a revolutionary paradigm in the field of computing, promising an exponential leap in computing power and problemsolving that challenges even the most advanced supercomputers of the classical era.At the heart of this revolution lies the peculiarity of the quantum world, where subatomic particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously, a phenomenon known as superposition, and entangle their states in a way that defies classical logic.It is this capacity for superposition and entanglement that gives quantum computing its disruptive power.One of the most intriguing properties of quantum computing is its ability to process information using Qubits, the quantum analogues of classical bits.While a classical bit can only be in a single 0 or 1 state, a Qubit can simultaneously represent a 0, a 1, or any superposition of these states, allowing multiple calculations to be performed in parallel.This massively parallel processing capability is the basis for the potential superiority of quantum computers over their classical counterparts in a wide range of applications.The architecture of quantum computers is inherently different from classical computers.While the latter use transistors to store and manipulate information in bits, quantum computers use Qubits, which can be implemented in a variety of physical systems, such as atoms, ion traps, photons, superconductors or nuclear magnetic resonance.The manipulation of the Qubits is carried out through quantum gates, fundamental operations that transform the quantum state of the Qubits and allow quantum calculations to be carried out.Furthermore, to maintain quantum coherence, the control and isolation of the quantum system from its environment is crucial, posing significant challenges in terms of designing and building scalable and robust quantum systems.

Rajiv Pandey, Nidhi Srivastava, Neeraj Kumar Singh +1 more

Shruti Sharma, Ashutosh Sharma

M. Rohini, D. Surendran, S. Oswalt Manoj

Classical computing systems are based on electronic circuits represented at a macroscopic level by the electric properties of the circuits. They store information in the form of bits (classical bits) that take values of either 0 or 1, which can be physically realized in the form of electrical signals (for example, low voltage = 0 and high voltage = 1) on electronic circuits. Quantum computer systems differ from classical systems in that their bit level information is directly represented by the interaction of microscopic systems namely, photons, electrons, and atoms, which are monitored and distributed throughout the implementation by quantum theory. The information is stored in the form of qubits (quantum bits) represented as ground states |0| and |1|. Thus, quantum theory represents the weightage of each outcome based on elements composing the physical systems performing each computation of smart systems. In quantum theory, we refer the readers to a timeline depicting the formative years of quantum modules. A growing number of computer scientists and physicists are coming forward, bringing in software packages and quantum programming languages based on classical programming languages. The realization of quantum technology has thus become an international and interdisciplinary effort.

Tuhin Banik