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Quantum Information and Computation

Quantum feedback control for qubit-qutrit entanglement

Tiantian Ma, Jun Jing, Yi Peng Guo, Ting Yu

Published May 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study a hybrid quantum open system consisting of two interacting subsystems formed by one two-level atom (qubit) and one three-level atom (qutrit). The quantum open system is coupled to an external environment (cavity) via the qubit-cavity interaction. It is found that the feedback control on different parts of the system (qubit or qutrit) gives dramatically different asymptotical behaviors of the open system dynamics. We show that the local feedback control mechanism acting on the qutrit subsystem is superior than that on the qubit in the sense of improving the entanglement. Particularly, the qutrit-control scheme may result in an entangled steady state, depending on the initial state.

DOI
10.26421/qic16.7-8-3

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We study a hybrid quantum open system consisting of two interacting subsystems formed by one two-level atom (qubit) and one three-level atom (qutrit). The quantum open system is coupled to an external environment (cavity) via the qubit-cavity interaction. It is found that the feedback control on different parts of the system (qubit or qutrit) gives dramatically different asymptotical behaviors of the open system dynamics. We show that the local feedback control mechanism acting on the qutrit subsystem is superior than that on the qubit in the sense of improving the entanglement. Particularly, the qutrit-control scheme may result in an entangled steady state, depending on the initial state.
When a quantum system interacts with its environment, the so-called decoherence effect will normally destroy the coherence in the quantum state and the entanglement between its subsystems. We propose a feedback control strategy based on quantum weak measurements to protect coherence and entanglement of the quantum state against environmental disturbance. For a one-qubit quantum system under amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, our strategy can preserve the coherence based on the measured information about the population difference between its two levels. For a two-qubit quantum system disentangled by independent amplitude damping and dephasing decoherence channels, the designed feedback control can preserve coherence between the ground state and the highest excited states by tuning the coupling strength between the two qubits, and at the same time minimize the loss of entanglement between the two qubits. As a consequence of dynamic symmetry, the generalization of these results derives the concept of control-induced decoherence-free observable subspace, for which several criteria are provided.
We study a physical system for creation of quantum correlations by quantum feedback control. The system is composed of two three-level atoms, each of which interacts with one of two coupled cavities. By appropriately choosing the feedback strength, we show that an arbitrary initial state can be deterministically driven to a steady-state that has a nonzero quantum discord or entanglement. It is also found that the effect of atomic spontaneous emission on quantum correlations is suppressed efficiently by increasing the frequency detuning.
We describe how feedback methods can be implemented to produce and stabilize entangled states of two atoms inside a cavity. Feedback control is used to engineer an effective environment dynamics, such that the entangled state to be protected is a steady state of the system. The control strategy is therefore robust with respect to external noises and fundamental decoherence sources, as spontaneous emission, for example. We also show that the scheme is mostly insensitive to practical imperfections, as detection inefficiencies and laser fluctuations.
The dynamics of two identical atoms is studied, which is resonantly coupled to a single-mode cavity under two different quantum feedback controls, i.e., the symmetric feedback control and the nonsymmetric feedback control. Correspondingly, the quantum discord of the system is induced to reach steady values under these two kinds of feedback controls. Furthermore, in some cases, the steady value of quantum discord of the system under symmetric feedback control is much larger than the steady value under nonsymmetric feedback control. The situation is just the opposite when the initial state is |eg〉. It is also found that the feedback is not good for getting a high discord when the initial state is in the form of Werner-like state (d = 0).
Quantum information science relies on the feature of distant quantum entities (mostly "qubits") to form non-local states. A main challenge consists of generating such non-local entangled states between qubits. We exploit the fact that for coupled qubits, the eigenstates of the coupled system are usually highly entangled, and of different excitation energies. This allows to address the different entangled eigenstates by frequency-dependent control schemes. In our proposal, we present such a control mechanism, and demonstrate how it can be used to create entanglement from a fully separable initial state. The mechanism of our choice is time-delayed quantum-coherent feedback. If a qubit occupation decays via the emission of a photon, one can store this photon for a delay time τ and couple the radiation back into the qubit afterwards. Through the choice of τ, one can set the phase of the feedback, which will then lead to either an increased or decreased qubit decay. Since this phase depends on sin(ωτ), this effect strongly depends on the qubit frequency ω. In particular, it can be used to separate different entangled states in a quantum network by enhancing the decay of all entangled eigenstates except one. We discuss this protocol on the example of two coupled qubits, and analyze in detail its effectiveness depending on the feedback delay time τ.