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International Journal of Modern Physics B

On a barrier anti-Zeno effect in a special model allowing for an analytical solution

Vladimir A. Namiot, Ljudmila Yu. Shchurova

Published Jan 12, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a situation when observations can increase particle flow across a barrier by many orders of magnitude compared with the tunneling probability (a barrier anti-Zeno effect). It may be of interest for explaining the paradoxical results of experiments on “cold fusion” that has earlier been observed by other authors for various systems. We examine the anti-Zeno effect in a model of a barrier of a special shape, which has similarities with the form of barriers to nuclear fusion in a solid, and moreover has an analytic solution. We have deducted formulas that demonstrate the conditions of increasing the barrier permeability.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979217500692

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We consider a situation when observations can increase particle flow across a barrier by many orders of magnitude compared with the tunneling probability (a barrier anti-Zeno effect). It may be of interest for explaining the paradoxical results of experiments on “cold fusion” that has earlier been observed by other authors for various systems. We examine the anti-Zeno effect in a model of a barrier of a special shape, which has similarities with the form of barriers to nuclear fusion in a solid, and moreover has an analytic solution. We have deducted formulas that demonstrate the conditions of increasing the barrier permeability.
We consider a situation in which observations themselves can significantly increase a particle transmission probability through a high barrier compared with the particle tunneling probability (a barrier anti-Zeno effect). This may explain the results of cold fusion experiments that have been reported by other authors for various systems. We examine the anti-Zeno effect as a model of a barrier of a special shape, which is similar to the form of barriers to nuclear fusion in a solid, and moreover, has an analytic solution. We have deduced formulas that demonstrate conditions that increase the barrier permeability. Numerical estimates of the particle flows through the barrier are carried out for the conditions of cold fusion experiments.
It is known that in quantum mechanics the observation of an experiment may in some cases change the results of this experiment. In particular, this occurs for the so-called Zeno effect. It is shown that, unlike the standard Zeno effect for which observation reduces its probability, for a particle that penetrates a potential barrier the opposite situation (called the barrier anti-Zeno effect) can occur, i.e., observation can considerably increase the probability of barrier penetration. The possibility of utilizing the barrier anti-Zeno effect for explaining the paradoxical results of experiments on “cold nuclear fusion” that have been observed in various, including biological, systems is discussed. (According to the experimentalists who performed such studies, in these systems energy release that cannot be explained by any chemical processes, as well as changes of the isotope and even elemental composition of the studied substance, occur).
It is known that in quantum mechanics the act of observing the experiment can affect the experimental findings in some cases. In particular, it happens under the so-called Zeno effect. In this work it is shown that in contrast to the "standard" Zeno-effect where the act of observing a process reduces the probability of its reality, an inverse situation when a particle transmits through a potential barrier (a so-called barrier anti-Zeno effect) can be observed, the observation of the particle essentially increases the probability of its transmission through the barrier. The possibility of using the barrier anti-Zeno effect is discussed to explain paradoxical results of experiments on "cold nuclear fusion" observed in various systems including biological ones. (According to the observers who performed the observations, the energy generation, which could not be explained by any chemical processes, as well as the change in the isotope and even element composition of the studied object may occur in these systems.
Abstract—The issue of how observation of a process in quantum mechanics may influence its outcome is described by case studies of quantum emission by a two-level system and the passage of a particle through a potential barrier. In the first case, the observation can reduce the probability of quantum emission by the two-level system (the quantum Zeno effect). In the second case, the observation of a particle can significantly increase the probability for a particle to pass through a barrier, sometimes even by many orders of magnitude (the barrier anti-Zeno effect). The possibility of such effects in biological systems is discussed.
We examine the appearance of Zeno and anti-Zeno effects when the unitary evolution of a two-level system is observed. We demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, the anti-Zeno effect can occur in two-level systems so that the observation can enhance the transition probability. Moreover, for nonresonant couplings we show that the Zeno and anti-Zeno effects always appear sequentially in the evolution of the same system: there is Zeno effect in the short-time regime and anti-Zeno effect in the long-time regime.