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Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing

Quantum key distribution in single-photon communication system

Denis B. Tretyakov, A. V. Kolyako, A. S. Pleshkov, Vasily M. Entin, I. I. Ryabtsev, Igor G. Neizvestny

Published Sep 1, 2016• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a brief review of experimental studies in quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution by single photons in atmospheric and fiber-optic quantum communication channels. Two experimental setups for quantum key distribution developed at the Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS are described. The dependence of the quantum key distribution rate on the average number of photons μ in the laser pulse was studied. For μ > 0.3, there is a discrepancy between theory and experiment. The reasons for this are, first, the nonzero probability of multiphoton pulses occurring in quantum transmission and counted as single photons by single-photon detectors and, second, the rejection of the cases where several single-photon detectors click simultaneously in quantum key sifting because the measurement result is not determined in these cases.

DOI
10.3103/s8756699016050071

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Work presents the brief review of the contemporary state of quantum cryptography science. Main principles of the quantum cryptography protocol development are illustrated by giving the example of BB84 protocol. Examples of experimental setups for the quantum key distribution through the atmosphere and fiber quantum channel are described in this work. The work presents results of experiments conducted on the developed setup based on single photon polarization coding. Problem of single photon detection in the visible and near IR area is considered. Work describes developed fiber based quantum cryptography working with the telecom wavelength 1555 nm. With the use of this experimental setup using the 25 km single mode telecom fiber (1555 nm wavelength) between sender and receiver we achieved the 450 bit/s quantum key generation with the use of 5 MHz pulse repetition rate, ~0.2 photon/pulse. Given the achieved photodetector parameters an average quantum bit error rate is less than 3.7%.
A review of the existing commercial quantum key distribution systems was conducted. The principle of operation of a fiber-optic quantum key distribution system with phase coding of photon states is described. The operation of the system in the mode of forming quantum keys is described. The synchronization process is analyzed, which consists in detecting a time interval with an optical pulse. The basic properties and parameters of auto-compensation quantum key distribution system are reviewed. The images of the current stand of the quantum-cryptographic network are given. The stand includes two stations of the quantum key distribution system with phase coding of photon states, two servers and data transmission channels. It is shown that the formation of a quantum key in the experiment is carried out at a rate of 500 bits per second. The length of the quantum communication channel in the experiment is 24 km. In this case, the quantum channel consists of a conventional single-mode optical fiber. Trends in the development of quantum key distribution systems, as well as trends in the development of protocols for quantum cryptography was conducted.