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Physical Review A

Direct counterfactual transmission of a quantum state

Zheng-Hong Li, M. Al-Amri, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Nov 11, 2015• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that an unknown quantum state can be transferred with neither quantum nor classical particle traveling in the transmission channel. Our protocol does not require prearranged entangled photon pairs and Bell measurements. By utilizing quantum Zeno effect and counterfactuality, we can entangle and disentangle a photon and an atom by nonlocal interaction. It is shown that quantum information is completely transferred from an atom to photon due to controllable disentanglement processes. There is no need to cross-check the result via classical channels.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.052315

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We show that an unknown quantum state can be transferred with neither quantum nor classical particle traveling in the transmission channel. Our protocol does not require prearranged entangled photon pairs and Bell measurements. By utilizing quantum Zeno effect and counterfactuality, we can entangle and disentangle a photon and an atom by nonlocal interaction. It is shown that quantum information is completely transferred from an atom to photon due to controllable disentanglement processes. There is no need to cross-check the result via classical channels.
For the first time, we show how quantum teleportation can be achieved without the assistance of classical channels. Our protocol does not need any pre-established entangled photon pairs beforehand. Just by utilizing quantum Zeno effect and couterfactual communication idea, we can achieve two goals; entangling a photon and an atom and also disentangling them by non-local interaction. Information is completely transferred from atom to photon with controllable disentanglement processes. More importantly, there is no need to confirm teleportation results via classical channels.
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We demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles traveling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other without interaction, so the scheme can also be used to generate nonlocal entanglement counterfactually. We here illustrate the scheme by using flying photon qubits and Rydberg atom qubits assisted by a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. Unlike the typical teleportation, the present scheme can transport an unknown qubit in a nondeterministic manner without prior entanglement sharing or classical communication between the two distant participants.
Abstract Counterfactual quantum communication is one of the most interesting facets of quantum communication, allowing two parties to communicate without any transmission of quantum or classical particles between the parties involved in the communication process. This aspect of quantum communication originates from the interaction-free measurements where the chained quantum Zeno effect plays an important role. Here, we propose a new counterfactual quantum communication protocol for transmitting an entangled state from a pair of electrons to two independent photons. Interestingly, the protocol proposed here shows that the counterfactual method can be employed to transfer information from house qubits to flying qubits. Following this, we show that the protocol finds uses in building quantum repeaters leading to a counterfactual quantum network, enabling counterfactual communication over a linear quantum network.
We demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles travelling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other without interaction, so the scheme can also be used to generate nonlocal entanglement counterfactually. We here illustrate the scheme by using flying photon qubits and stationary electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside double-sided optical microcavities. Unlike the typical teleportation, the present scheme does not require prior entanglement sharing or classical communication between the two distant participants.
Counterfactual quantum communication---sending information between two remote parties without transmitting any physical particle over the channel---is unique in quantum protocols. By harnessing the nonlocality of counterfactual quantum protocols, we devise a distributed controlled NOT (DNOT) operation to transfer information in both directions at the same time. This new form of full-duplex communication, called quantum duplex coding, enables communicating parties to exchange either classical or quantum messages simultaneously and counterfactually by means of nonlocal controlled entanglement and/or disentanglement of the DNOT operation. We demonstrate the quantum duplex coding for both classical and quantum information using the (chained) quantum Zeno effect and show that these quantum duplex communication protocols form full-duplex binary and quantum erasure channels, respectively.