Modern powerful computing technology development threatens the confidentiality of information that usually provided by traditional cryptographic means and forces researchers to look for alternative security methods. Given the current trends, these alternatives may be quantum cryptography and communication methods. These methods unlike traditional (classical) analogues use specific unique properties of quantum particles and are based on the inviolability of the quantum physics laws. Existing classifications in quantum cryptography and communications do not include the large number of modern methods. It complicates its study and use in the quantum information security systems development. In the paper modern methods of quantum cryptography and communication were analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages, security assessment to various kinds of cyberattacks were defined, and also the existing classifications of these methods were studied. On the basis of partial generalizations of theoretical positions and practical advances in quantum cryptography, the generalized classification of quantum cryptography and communication methods was constructed. This classification reveals a problem in this area and can extend the possibilities for choosing the appropriate methods for modern quantum information security systems development.
Modern powerful computing technology development threatens the confidentiality of information that usually provided by traditional cryptographic means and forces researchers to look for alternative security methods. Given the current trends, these alternatives may be quantum cryptography and communication methods. These methods unlike traditional (classical) analogues use specific unique properties of quantum particles and are based on the inviolability of the quantum physics laws. Existing classifications in quantum cryptography and communications do not include the large number of modern methods. It complicates its study and use in the quantum information security systems development. In the paper modern methods of quantum cryptography and communication were analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages, security assessment to various kinds of cyberattacks were defined, and also the existing classifications of these methods were studied. On the basis of partial generalizations of theoretical positions and practical advances in quantum cryptography, the generalized classification of quantum cryptography and communication methods was constructed. This classification reveals a problem in this area and can extend the possibilities for choosing the appropriate methods for modern quantum information security systems development.
The development of modern computer technologies endangers the confidentiality of information, which is usually ensured by traditional cryptographic means. This circumstance forces us to look for new methods of protection. In view of modern trends, quantum cryptography methods can become such alternatives, which allow solving a number of important cryptographic problems, for which the impossibility of solving using only classical (that is, non-quantum) communication has been proven. Quantum cryptography is a branch of quantum informatics that studies methods of protecting information by using quantum carriers. The possibility of such protection is ensured by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. One of the promising directions of quantum cryptography is Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) that offers secure communication without any shared key. A characteristic feature of this method is the absence of cryptographic transformations, accordingly, there is no key distribution problem. The purpose of this work is a general overview of quantum cryptography protocols, finding their weak points for further development and improvement, as well as identifying vulnerabilities to different attacks. The article analyzes new methods and protocols, as well as presents their advantages and disadvantages. Based on partial generalizations of theoretical provisions and practical achievements in the field of quantum cryptography, a generalized classification was developed. By comparing various factors of the protocols, and their resistance to certain cyberattacks, we have the opportunity to identify several problems in this field and expand the possibilities for choosing appropriate methods for building modern quantum information protection systems. In accordance with this, conclusions were presented regarding the use of protocols and increasing the level of their effectiveness.
Quantum cryptography is a new paradigm of cryptographic information protection, utilizing the laws of quantum mechanics and the corresponding quantum properties of information carriers — photons to overcome the limitations of classical cryptographic protocols and increase the security of cryptographic protocols up to the information-theoretic level. The paper provides a general overview and analysis of modern quantum information security technologies, particularly protocols for quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, and quantum secret sharing. Several other areas of quantum cryptography are briefly considered, such as quantum digital signature, quantum bit commitment, quantum steganography, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of quantum cryptographic protocols, as well as the prospects and challenges of their practical implementation, are analyzed. A brief overview of the laws of quantum physics underlying the security of quantum cryptographic protocols is also provided. Keywords: quantum cryptography, physical foundations of quantum cryptography, qubit, qudit, entangled qubits and qudits, quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, quantum secret sharing.
Quantum cryptography is a new method of communication offering the security of the inviolability by using Law of Nature.Quantum Cryptography uses different secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the properties of physics of light for information. Quantum cryptography depends only on the validity of quantum theory, i.e., it is guarantied directly by the laws of physics. This is a different from any classical cryptographic techniques. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and provides potential extensions of its feasibility as a mechanism for securing existing communication systems.
In the era of information technology the need for secure communication has become increasingly important. Cryptography is a technology for creating the core of information security we use cryptography for making data secure which is the science of information protection from unauthorized interception and tempering. Most modern cryptographic studies design cryptosystems and algorithms using mathematical concepts which are based either on factorization or on discrete logarithm problem. In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally secure information transport guaranteed by quantum-mechanical laws, which provide protection of system security, and optimization of system efficiency and detects intrusion and wiretap. Today quantum cryptography is used in various application for transferring secure data without the fear of keys being compromised. This paper reviews the various areas where quantum cryptography is successfully implemented, its advantages disadvantages & technical issues.
Quantum Cryptography is an approach to securing communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the physics of information. The development of quantum cryptography was motivated by the short-comings of classical cryptographic methods, which can be classified as either public-key or secret-key Methods. There are classical solutions to insecure communication all rely on making some or assumption, about the computational power of a cheater, about the number of cheaters, or something of this kind. Based on quantum key distribution, one might hope that a quantum computer might allow us to weaken or remove these assumptions.
Quantum cryptography is an approach to securing communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the physics of information. Quantum cryptography provides secure communication, whose security depends only on the validity of quantum theory, i.e., it is guarantied directly by the laws of physics. This is a substantial difference from any classical cryptographic techniques. This article summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and provides potential extensions of its feasibility as a mechanism for securing existing communication systems