A first-principles, QED derivation reveals a different type of line broadening of atomic levels induced by blackbody radiation, which is expected to help in the understanding of the evolution of the early universe when hydrogen atoms were first formed.
As the most basic and abundant atom in the universe, hydrogen atoms have long attracted the interest of scientists and provide the best subject for the exploration of quantum mechanics. This article provides a comprehensive study of the multifaceted characteristics and implications of the hydrogen atom. First, the research deeply studied the basic derivation of the Schrödinger equation of the hydrogen atom and provided the necessary theoretical framework. On this basis, modern computing tools are used to visualize the electron cloud of hydrogen atoms and reveal their shapes and characteristics under different orbits. In addition, the study investigated atomic transitions and associated spectra, elucidating basic quantum transition principles and serving as a benchmark for studying more complex atomic systems. Eventually, the research focus shifted to a specific direction, studying the Stark effect in hydrogen atoms, especially in the n=2 state. This research provides a novel perspective on understanding the fundamental properties of the hydrogen atom and its implications in modern physics research.
A highly excited (Rydberg) atom bathed in blackbody radiation is perturbed in two ways. A dynamic Stark shift is induced by the off-resonant components of the blackbody radiation. Additionally, electric-dipole transitions to other atomic energy levels are induced by the resonant components of the blackbody radiation. This depopulation effect shortens the Rydberg-state lifetime, thereby broadening the energy level. Calculations of these two effects in many states of hydrogen, helium, and the alkali-metal atoms Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs are presented for T=300 K. Contributions from the entire blackbody spectrum and from both discrete and continuous perturbing states are included. The accuracy is considerably greater than that of previous estimates.
Two different effects of the blackbody-radiation-induced atomic line broadening are compared. The first one (stimulated Raman scattering) has been discussed by many authors; the second one (quadratic level mixing) was discussed in our previous work. It is shown that the mixing effect gives the most significant contribution to the line broadening and it is indicated how to distinguish these two effects in laboratory experiments. The influence of the level mixing on the recombination history of primordial plasma is also discussed.